At the review session the TA said to make sure you understand the cause and effect of things such as the war dictatorship etc Also make sure you understand why dictatorship was appealing in Europe as well as the similarities and differences between Hitler and Mussolini Test 2 review notes Things to make note of Happy studying I World War 1 a Causes i Tension caused by nationalism and the need to expand ii Countries were a lot mor inclined to solve issues with war rather than a compromise iii Advancements in technology 1 New guns ships equipment 2 Government need excuse for these expenses 3 Advancement in medicine 4 Technology was advancing faster than it could be used a Fighting war in 1900th century way with 20th century weapon iv New imperialism 1 Everyone wants the remaining lands to colonize 2 Any little war could erupt into a big one 3 Europe needed raw materials and people to sell back to 4 Little nations wanted independence a Mini revolutions that lead to nothing 5 Triple Entente Britain France Russia 6 Triple Alliance Germany Austria Italy b Total war i First war were civilians were attacked as well as troops ii Biological warfare poison gas c Things to take note off It looked like no one would win until Italy switched sides i ii What really tipped the scale though was the US joining the war iii Doesn t end till November 1918 iv Was fought mainly in Europe but there was war in the middle east and north south Africa as well v Armistice day Seize Fire at 11 00 on 11 11 18 vi Treaty of Versailles 1919 1 Germany got blamed for everything a Fueled hitler later on b Got rid of their navy air force c Had to pay millions of dollars in fines d e Turned into democracy Lost land vii END OF GERMAN EMPIRE OTTOMAN EMPIRE RUSSIAN EMPIRE viii League of Nations 1 Failed because it didn t have military authority and no one wanted to join II Dictators a The appeal of dictatorship i ii Lenin b It promises order and prosperity to the country It was something new since the old systems failed i Was not in Russia during revolution ii Germans sent him back into Russia to start another revolution after the first one failed iii As a Leader iv Leninism 1 3 phases 1 Great speaker who could reach out to all audiences 2 Would always take the blame if something went wrong 3 Pragmatic realist a He was locked onto a vision but not on how to get there a Moderate Liberal 1917 1918 i Lenin wasn t here ii People who started it didn t want everything to change iii iv Masses didn t like this because they wanted a voice in Just wanted parliament government too They expanded the revolution v b Radical Leftists 1917 1918 i Lenin comes in here ii Want existing government completely gone iii Lenin tries to seize control of government but fails iv Succeeds in 1918 1919 1 Get control of Russia 2 Civil war begins and Russia is torn apart 3 All opponents are discarded 4 War on old Russia a No organized religion b No aristocrats c No middle class 5 He wins and turns the civil war into a patriotic war 6 Changes the revolution c Conservative 1921 1928 i Lenin gives peasants farm land factories back to old managers but kept gov control on big industries and invited foreigners to get Russian businesses up and running again ii Didn t want things going back to the old way but he realized total communism wouldn t work iii Eased up a bit but kept things gained from 2nd phase c Stalin i When Lenin passed he did not leave orders for secession ii Stalin was the one who took his place to everyone s surprise iii As a Leader 1 Was not Russian 2 Was not well educated 3 Not charismatic like Lenin 4 But he was committed 5 Built up reputation while Lenin was in power 6 Blamed people for his problems 7 Made it so everyone praised him for anything done iv NEP to 5 year plan 1 Gov guaranteed money for crops so money became worthless due to surplus crops and industrial prices sky rocketed 2 Because of this Stalin compiled a 5 year plan to fix the economy a He completely ended private enterprise b Micro managed every aspect of the economy c The plan specified what would be produced specifications of production etc and these quotas had to be filled within the next five years d Controlled every aspect of life marriage education and even where you lived 3 Collectivization efficient a All the farm lands were taken and put together and made b The farms didn t need as many people so those unneeded c farmers were taken out and put to build Peasants did not like their farm land being taken away so they began starting riots and burning their farm before it was taken 4 Great Purges a It escalated really fast where if anyone disagreed with Stalin or put him down was thrown into jail or being killed b People were taken into trial and most just confessed c He was throwing friend s he put in office to jail military officers d He replaced these people with others that he knew would not almost anybody betray him do to fear v Stalin Lives 1 Stalin becomes a model dictator 2 deals the solvate union a major economic issue right before the war 3 4 most successful dictator in recorded history successors keep his model till 1980s d Mussolini and Hitler i Background Italy and Germany in Crisis 1 Communism became appealing as the Germans and Italians were struggling 2 Anti Communist movements arose and were heavily financed by Churches and Buisnessmen who would get screwed over with communism 3 Germans had most of their land and stripped away and Italy never got their land from the war 4 The government looked weak to the people because of these reasons 1 Germany and Italy were in crisis 2 Appeal of communism was strong because of all the poverty 3 Germany wanted to regain lost land from WWI and Italy wanted to claim promised land that was never given to them in WWI Instead of communism Italy and Germany become Fascist 4 5 Both leaders got into power legally 6 Very good speakers 7 Didn t tolerate opposition 8 Extremely willing and able to use military force within country 9 Both had very dedicated political parties 1 The Nazis were racist 2 Mussolini didn t have that believed either you re with us or against us 3 Hitler rearranges boarders and appoints trusted party leaders to rule 4 Germany wanted land returned to them where Italy wanted a lot of over these new areas land to build new empire ii Similarities iii Differences III The non western world 1919 39 a The Middle east i Turkey is basically divided into several units ii Mustafa Kemal 1 Considered to be the