WWII and the Cold War Causes genocide of Hitler Aggressive nature of current dictators desire to conquer other countries defeatism WWI was very depleting nations could not endure another war so they were willing to give the aggressor what he wants if it avoids conflict appeasement granting the aggressor everything he could reasonably want in order to avoid war Hitler remilitarizing the Rhineland etc balance of power if any one country or countries became more powerful than another action must be taken to restore balance Main Features WWII WWI had been a defensive war but WWII is a war of movement Total war goal was to break the will of opponents immediately in order to avoid dragging out the war War of terror total annihilation became the regular strategy bombing airstrikes attacking freight ships and cutting off supplies Holocaust war against ethnicities Hitler vs the Jews slavs gypsies etc Japan vs China the West Ethnic cleansing genocide was so prevalent it was often included in war plans Results Cold War Japan invaded Manchuria in 1931 claiming that they were freeing Asia from Western imperialism had no particular ideology of how to run who they conquered Break up of colonial empires after the war resulted in many third world countries competition recruitment opportunities for nations involved in the Cold War A war of words ideologies Standard theory Stalin devil Stalin was determined to export Communism throughout Europe and the world Revisionist theory Churchill devil Stalin did not want the little nations ot be against communism and wanted to use the Red Army to help them so that they would have pro Comm Governments Churchill rejects this idea and Stalin wants to go forward with it anyway Historical theory Wynot devil all new liberated colonies were simply being competed for to be for or against Comm Reasons Financial powers were depleted could not restore order to the colonies Decolonization and Africa Psychological question true value of the colonies because gov programs were being cut back and taxes were raised Natives had knowledge of weaponry war strategy and weaknesses of nations they had been drafted by in the war Saw colonies as extension of France Assimilated them into French culture basically raised her colonies like a France mother Britain Dutch Cold War Saw colonies as necessary evil second class citizens Were to obey orders no bond between natives and officers Force and intimidation Harsh punishment natives felt they needed to use violence Draws itself into native movements by its recruiting race Makes Cold War a global conflict Colonial Leadership Familiar with weaknesses of mother countries had war training nationalist motivations One type was an outstanding statesman who could reason with governments and unite the nation Another type was a violent leader who would create atrocities through liberation and possible civil war Traditionalists destroy all imperial influence after independence Modern developers take current European investments so far and build Bourguiba oversaw independence first and only president Half and half approach keep European innovations traditionalist approach North Africa upon them Tunisia on the people Peaceful independence Algeria Tipping point France claims Algeria as a province Very bloody Algerians vs France and Algerians vs Algerians Ben Balla able to bring together the 3 warring sides 1962 Algeria gains independence Sub Saharan Africa systematic problems slave trade left genetically deficient population tribal rivalries virtually helpless but rich in resources powers want to latch on rulers had no formal training needed to resolve tribal rivalries and get rid of the Cold War presence Kenya Congo British rule had warring tribes and rare metals and gems Maumau s terrorists who resented any modern progress Kenyatta businessman affiliated with Maumaus worked a ceasefire by creating a government with a local government for each tribe and national government with tribal representatives Belgium s ruled by brute force Rich in copper tea etc Belgium devastated in WWII hands Congo to the US to deal with Cold War gets involved again Warlords break apart and claim parts of the Congo for different nations Zaire cent African republic very violent and Comm Resulting from the warlord takovers Main Developments Middle East Oil demand resulted from WWII important for both nations who produced it and those who did not nations willing to war over oil New nation states Cold War recruits Development of two political groups revolutionary an conservative Islamic revival urge to cleanse societies of Western influence National Independence Revolutionary similar to socialism receptive to the Comm Conservative similar to the revolutionary groups common enemy of Israel Countries committed to socialist programs begin to back away because they notice a lack of innovation among their people Israel UN was reluctant in deciding Palestine to Israel it was British responsibility but they were depleted from war 1948 Ben Gurion declares independence existing nations are threatened because they see it as a target for imperialism Arab Israeli Wars 1948 Arabs want to push Jews into the sea Jews win by good organization 1956 Egypt seizes Suez Canal Brit and France take military action and Israel joins in defeating the Arabs Suez is reopened 1967 Arabs initiate the Six Day War and lose literally in 6 days Palestine Liberation Org Arabs decide to politically get rid of Israel wants to be recognized as legit government of Palestine headed by Arafat supported by Comm 1973 Arabs surprise attack on Yom Kippur OPEC impose oil embargo to be lifted when the Western powers stop supporting Israel hurts the economies of oil producers and non producers have energy crisises Camp David Accords 1975 agreements between Israel and Egypt Intifada major storm suicide bombing and provoking Israelis with children this was a terrible idea Islamic Revival Only victory the Arab world could reach would be through violence and terror Shi ite fundamentalism cleanse the region of non Islamic influence Iran majority Shi ite had oil rid of the Shah ruled by Ayatollahs ranking clerics now run the gov Hamas and Hesbollah emerge from this Asia since 1945 Demilitarization military needed to be removed as the functioning force of Economic miracle replace military production with consumer goods Russians pushed for Comm Gov US wanted democratic drew line at 38th 1950 N Korea invades South Korea UN sends