The Complete Lecture Series for Exam 1 WOH1030 World History since 1815 Why 1815 Because of the 26 preceding years I II Revolutionary Europe The French Revolution Origins of the French Revolution The attempt by the French to overthrow the monarchy 1 Societal Changes a Clergy b Nobility c Third Estate 2 Erosion of Government Legitimacy 3 Financial Crisis The French Revolution 1 Estates General becomes The National Assembly 2 Revolt of the Poor and Oppressed fight against tax raises and tore down weathervanes a symbol of nobility Capturing the king women marching 12 miles to Versailles highly violent Maria Antoinette was amongst them 3 Limited Monarchy Declaration of Pilnitz protect Maria Antoinette and the crown If you do x y and z we may attack you If you do a b and c we will not attack you Response from revolutionaries The Pilnitz Declaration was a declaration of war as the revolutionaries felt the monarchs were still trying to be in control and demand 4 Foreign Reactions and the Beginning of War Great Britain was a commercial and military rival Russia wanted to extend territory most European countries were not against the start of the revolution because they wanted France to become unstable 5 Radicalization of the Revolution Declare war with the intent to end all war A war for freedom liberty Hindsight to show for violent the upcoming war was to be Barbaric warfare is the result The Fatherland is in Danger La Patrie est en Danger 6 Thermodorian Reaction and the Directory Election of 1797 returned conservatives to power The Directory moderates level headed sick of warfare put a stop to that Tried to keep fighting but never had a long term solution for the torn economy that the war was causing III The End of the Revolution 1 Overthrow of the Directory 1799 Napoleon overthrew the Directory to run the country and initially brought hope of stability to France He had other ideas 2 The Napoleonic Era 1799 1815 a Domestic Policy b European Expansion Territorial ambition creates a new currency to stabilize economy creates new banking rewrote the constitution gained support from businessmen peasants by giving legal title of the land they took from nobles in the revolution nobles whom left France were given new titles and able to return to France Had he stopped in 1801 he would have been seen as a savior of the revolution 1802 1812 Napoleon springs Europe into warfare to conquer more land all of Spain all of Italy most of modern day Germany most of Prussia much of Austria Client states technically independent but must ask permission for almost anything i e trade military currency UK did not become a Client state of the French Empire Napoleon but not for lack of trying The Spanish began rebelling against Napoleon in 1808 Client states including Russia and Austria began pulling out of their alliance with France Napoleon strikes war in Moscow Russia He abandoned million military men to return to safety in Paris and less than 100 000 survived c After the Peace of Amiens d The Grand Empire e Europe after Napoleon After Waterlew dreams of the Grand Empire seized to exist Reestablish order The Congress of Vienna was created in 1815 The systems main goal was to return the hand of time back to 1779 post napoleonic era Nationalism and reactive nationalism 1 Help European powers reimpose control on their colonies 2 Keep revolutions from occurring again Key Terms taille National Assembly reactive nationalism Peace of Amiens Estates General Assembly of Notables Treaty of Tilsit Treaty of Luneville The Isms of Post Revolutionary Europe and National Independence Movements in the Americas Background A European Concert Congress System I II The Elitist Isms 1 Conservatism They believed in a government that had a limited role to play in society Early advocates believed IIIFFFF change had to happen at all it should be a top down government controlled change how they occur when they occur the main reason for this was to maintain stability Evan Burke 2 Liberalism Classical liberalism is the opposite of modern liberalism Believed in the idea of equality and justice freedom of speech freedom from arbitrary arrest despise large government Argue that government should have no role in everyday life They should only be heard from in times of emergency Laissez Fair economics III Mass Isms 1 Romanticism Percy Bysshe Shelley Lord George Gordon Byron and Johann Wolfgang Goethe Yetta Romanticism is more than just an expression of art it is a political expression The heart does not lie Meaning what you feel is what you should do Appealed to a great number of people but created a volatile political challenge You have to pay taxes My heart tells me I don t 2 Nationalism Johann Gottfried von Herder common traits that people from a given area define themselves with language ethnicity even geographic location ect The danger is that every group wants to govern themselves leading to the downpour of the larger kingdoms Does not affect Great Britain and France until it comes to their colonies a Reactive Nationalism b Cultural Nationalism Johann Gottlieb Fichte The customary beliefs social norms and material traits of a racial religious or social group The nation is defined by normative ideas How could Nationalism be useful Fichte argues that some nations nationalities are better than others because of their history strength western Europeans and it should be used to foster weaker nations bringing them up to a certain standard of living by exporting European nationalism Used as a justification for colonialism 1830 Socialism theoretically if you protect the rights of the working class society will prosper Failed to reach the halls of power because many of the workers did not have voting rights not all were landowners many were women a Commune System Utopian Socialism Robert Owen and Charles Fourier Utopia a frictionless perfect society without conflict Commune a community in which the working class owns everything from factories to ships all means of production so they are mutually responsible for all decisions of the community when to work how to work where to work They could not compete with other factories 3 b State Socialism Louis Blanc predicted the failure of commune socialism bc hundreds of people cannot agree on one decision and be successful wanted to harness the power of the government in favor of the workers against the Laissez Fair Considered a threat to the classical liberals The idea of the government standing to the