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COMPLETE LECTURE NOTES EXAM 2 WOH 1030 Lecture 21 and 22 Outline Background I II The Scramble for Africa European Imperialism at the end of the 19th Century Causes of the New Imperialism in Africa Colonization took less than 25 years 1 Economic Motives British were facing a challenge the rapid industrialization of unified Germany the US and France French and Germans start to spread out into Africa British was scared because they were no longer the super power of the world Europe They didn t want to be shut out of markets trade within the colonization of Africa by European countries They begin competing directly for economic dominance with Germany and France 2 Social Darwinism survival of the fittest Only the strongest nation will survive Gobble up resources for your own nation Industrial and Technological Advances 1873 other nations rapidly industrializing steel civil war is wrapping up in America breeding the advancements of technology used for warfare Franc o prussian war same thing Whatever happens in Africa doesn t matter because we have the maxim gun and they have not 1854 Quanine anti malaria treatment not cure Telegraph instantaneous communication to coordinate armies and administrators in Africa for the first time 3 5 4 European Social Tensions and Domestic Politics Who s going to call for a revolution if that nations colonies seem threatened No one Special Interest Groups Environmental Protection Agency NRA ect Military offices wanted expansion and colonization to train their soldiers Humanitarian groups wanted to civilize Africa and stop the slave trade 6 The Great White Burden The white man s burden to civilize the uncivilized Africans a racist ideology III The Seizure of Africa Militarization is so high by 1902 European powers start encroaching on other powers Most believe world war will break out Right about war wrong about location Cecil Rhodes 1 King Leopold II of Belgium Negotiating treaties along the Congo basin Stakes out a huge claim for himself Belgium 2 Kongokonferenz or Berlin Conference 1884 1885 Every European power meeting in Berlin to decide the fate of African colonization Principle Effectivity Effective occupation decided by Germans and French In order to make your claim valid you have to have a military and civil administration presence If you don t have both the claim is invalid and the land is open for colonization Ensures limited warfare within European nations 3 European Territories Natural rubber within the Congo vines became worth as much as gold If you didn t meet the quota of rubber extricated out of the jungle your hand was cut off a Congo Free State b Southern Africa IV Results Key Terms Protectorates Berlin Conference Social Darwinism Principle of Effectivity Leopold II WOH 1030 Outline for Lectures 23 24 25 The Great War 1890 1918 destabilizes power to all countries Background Went to war to clear the air I II III The Bismarckian International System implemented to keep France from challenging Germany again 1 Phase One Economic Impositions Keep France economically subjugated for as long as possible Bismarck was much more lenient on Austria than on France France was forced to pay a massive fee for losing the Franco Prussian war 280 bill Meant to ensure the French economy would not quickly recover Bismarck misunderestimated the strength and resistance of the French economy By 1880 France had recovered were out of debt 2 Diplomatic Maneuvering 1873 Bismark begins working out Europes first Three Emperors League Links Austra hunargy emperor and Russian czar in alliance By 1878 it dissolved Russo German Reassurance Treaty Military alliance 3 Results Successful until 1890 Breakdown of the Bismarckian International System Wilhem II fired Bismarck as soon as he became king Cancelled Russo German Treaty By 1894 France Russia were alliance Germany and Austria were alliance and Italy joins the Triple Alliance with Germany Austia bc of issues with France Britain is busy colonizing the world 1873 1891 Splendid isolation for Britain Minor reasons Britain and Germany could not alliance a British fear of throwing German power b Economic competition c Competing for African territory 1 The Anglo German Rivalry Major Reasons Second Boer War 1899 1902 South African War between British colonies in Cape town 2 surrounding Dutch colonies German weapons caused an untold number of casualties and a lot of money The High Seas Fleet German Navy British Solutions Repair relationship with U S and Japan Allowed British to redeploy British Navy closer to home Britain and France form a semi alliance The Triple Entente and the Entente Cordiale was not a military alliance It was a moral obligation 2 German Reactions First Moroccan Crisis 1904 1905 Tangier Crisis International crisis Triple Entente stayed together Germany found itself almost completely isolated except for the Austria Hungarian empire which was militarily and economically suspended i ii i ii Russo Japanese War 1904 1905 After the Japanese industrialize after the British treaty Russia and Japan fight First time in modern period that an Asian power defeats a Great European Power Japanese destroyed Russian Navy IV The Outbreak of War Serbia Greece Montenegro run Ottoman Empire out of Europe as a result of the first Balkan War Scares the Austrians Balkans league rapidly disintegrate Bulgarians are not happy with what they reclaimed in the first Balkan war Second Balkan War Strip Bulgaria of all the territory they won in the first war 1 The Balkan Wars V Immediate Causes of the Great War 1914 1 Love The Archduke Franz Ferdinand loved his wife They were in Bosnia at the time that the war started for their anniversary 2 Ultimatum to Serbia Asking them to give up independence to Austria Hungary 3 Unconditional support The Russians were rapidly re militarizing after the Russo Japanese war publically ask Serbia to diffuse the situation and privately promise their alliance to Serbia in war Germans issue the infamous Blank Check to the Austrians providing military diplomatic support 4 Bad military planning 5 Miscalculations scrap of paper treaty that declared Belgium independent 6 The war happened in 1914 because Russia had not finished re militarizing modernizing Germany Austria thought their chances of winning were highest before 1915 7 We ll make them run 8 They thought the war was going to be short it wasn t VI The War 1 Western Front Battles of the Marne the Somme and Verdun French commandeered taxis to stop the


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