HFT2890 TEST TWO Chapter 10 the Iberian Peninsula Geographic Overview o Actually a part of Europe southwestern corner o Only include Spain and Portugal Spain is five times larger LIBSON capital of Portugal MADRID capital of Spain o The Pyrenees Mountains create a barrier that created two diff cultures on either side o Meseta large plateau about 2000 feet that is ringed by the Sierra Nevada mountains o Snow only in the mountains summers are hot and dry Agriculture o Grown in the Meseta wheat rice corn potatoes apples and rye o Noted for distinctive wines in Spain and Portugal Maderia Wine sweet fruity wine produced on the madeira o livestock is limited to sheep and pigs with sheep being unique to the area o Cork Trees are a unique income from Spain and Portugal History and Culture by many diff other places o Early peninsula was shaped by the romans but when it fell the peninsula was invaded Germans attacked from Europe Moors Islamic invaders from Africa eventually took over Christians then attempted to rid of the Moors and Islamic influence Around 1085 Spain removed most of the influence EL CID Spanish hero for riding of the Moors which put Roman Catholics to power Exploring and Colonizing o Caravels sturdy vessels with lateen sails o Portugal gained its independence from Spain in 1668 o The INQUISITION period when Spain required non Catholics to convert or leave the country torture was sometimes part of the process During this time General Franco emerged as a dictator and holds power until his Language and Religion death in 1975 o Each region has their own individual language Portuguese in Portugal Castilian in Spain o Religion in Portugal and Spain is Catholicism o Remains of Islam from the mosques are present The Arts o Alhambra at Granada Royal complex was built on top of a hill overlooking the main part of Granada and is a reminder of the Moorish rule o Painted ceramic tiles are prominent in Spain and Portugal o Gaudi 20th century architect who showed a creative style was particularly noted for his unfurnished cathedral o Music Segovia and Castals prominent o FADO distinctive Portuguese musical form of the blues sung to a guitar accompaniment o Bullfighting is common and holidays include honoring saints and Christian holidays Food Patterns o Portugal Breakfast Lunch and dinner Cup of coffee or milk with bread and jam Quite substantial but simple Port and fish substantial Pepper garlic onions and tomatoes and potatoes prominent o Spain Breakfast Churro coffee or hot chocolate Lunch and Dinner Paella a rice and meat concoction that is popular Spaniards have a long rest period for the hot afternoon Wines are served with meals CHAPTER 11 Greece and the Middle East Geographic overview o Widespread area yet the foods in the area are similar o Greece is remote because of the mountains in the north o Mediterranean Sea provides the common denominator among Greece turkey and the Extends to the Peloponnesus peninsula extending off of the southwest region of Greece o Military concerns limit agricultural development Levant Agriculture o Greece Does a good job of providing its own food and even exporting some Wheat corn and rice are favored cereal crops Grapes and olives are important crops that are prominent in the diets of the Scarce rainfall limits production Greek Sheep are raised successfully and are important to the diet Water is scarce commodity In the east Iran is noted for its beluga caviar which is harvested from surgeon in the Caspian sea Olive trees are prominent in this region Livestock is sheep cattle and chickens o The Levant History and Culture o Greece Long history starting with Minoans and Mycenaean s Followed by the romans in 146 BCE o Turkey and Levant Hittites civilization occupying parts of turkey and Syria to Mesopotamia for more than four centuries ending in about 1200BCE Left behind written records metal scriptures and rock carvings Impact of trade o After the end of Hittite occupation smaller states were formed Most noteworthy is Lydia and Phrygia which traded with Greece o Religious impact on Levant Judaism First of the major religions practiced in Levant People who lived in Judah were first to be called Jews Romans rook land in 63 BCE and Jews weren t allowed to practice Return of Jews and establishment of Israel in 1948 Religious and political tension is still present today Muslims conquered the byzantine empire which had been Christian Today religion varies but most are fair to observe and religion Islam Architecture Art The whirling dervish sect of Islam is centered in a mosque in Konya turkey The knights of St john forced from Jerusalem during the crusades occupied and fortified the island of Rhodes from 1308 to 1530 before departing to Malta Cappadocia weird landscape provided sanctuary for early Turkish Christians while they carved caves in the soft tufa The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus Syria has been a place of worship for Muslims since 715 CE the tomb of John the Baptist is inside the mosque Elgin Marbles are famous among the Greeks Caryatids women figures Israel is among live and energetic music o Klezmer is the most familiar music of the region Love of music and the ability to highly present these performances is very common here Alphabets Holidays Greeks still use Greek letters in their signs of their writing while other countries rely on the Arabic script and Jews in Israel use Hebrew Holidays are religious remembrances o Holidays reflect principal religion Greek celebrates Feast of St Basil to mark the new year and they put a coin in sweet bread called vasilopita and whoever gets the coin bread is lucky for the year Many similarities exist in food patterns Overreaching Mediterranean climate characterized by limited rainfall high temps and rocky terrain result in foods such as Food Patterns o Olives o Eggplants o Onions o Other veggies o Legumes o Wheat o Lamb o Mutton Mezze small portions of traditional meals served as an appetizer course even as Major religious group is greek orthodox which allows for more freedom in food a meal sometimes prep Breakfast Lunch Eat early in the morning Dinner Hearty lunch followed by a nap snacking between meals as well Very late dinner Pita is the universal snack meal Phyllo thin pastry Baklava baked dessert made of multiple layers of phyllo butter honey and rosewater Spanakopita main dish consisting of many layers of phyllo spinach and other ingredients Falafel dish made by creating paste of soaked chickpeas and
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