9 4 09 04 2015 Spanish technology was much more advanced than the indigenous population Spanish wanted to expand empire Resources Land Gold 2 things drive the permanent settlement in the new world attaining a stable crop o for economic purposes ability to sustain population labor force encouraged immigration to help set up colonies Europeans fed up with catholic church equal in authority to the monarchs wanted to promote mercantilism freedom of products was necessary for a thriving economy wanted to practice freedom of religion 9 7 09 04 2015 tobacco is sustainable crop center point of colony to sustain it 9 9 09 04 2015 Proprietorship crown has more influence over the land and has individuals to operate manage land As the settlements become more prosperous the crown becomes more engaged o It expands in size more people come Splinter settlement settlement that splinters off an existing settlement Bacons Rebellion First episode settlers demonstrated discontent with throne Voiced this content and acted with rebellion Represents new chapter with relations between colonists and England itself 9 14 09 04 2015 Women s value in colonies was their ability to reproduce Those with plantations were the ones who developed norms legalities etc Study Sheet Mayas 09 04 2015 Sophisticated culture emerged around 800 CE in Central America Developed a written language numerical system calendar trade routes and advanced agricultural system Other societies began to follow them Established dominance over almost all of central Mexico Developed a religion based on human sacrifice o Living human heart o Usually prisoners o Scale unknown in other American civilizations Disease and disunity hindered them against Europeans Became known as the Aztec Aztecs Group of Meso American tribes Established a city Tenochtitlan Mexico City o Large island o Incorporated people of other tribes o Population of 100 000 o Had public buildings schools military medical system and slave workforce Incas One of the most elaborate civilizations Modern day Mexico Peru European Exploration Powerful leader Pachacuti Empire was sustained by innovative administrative systems and by the creation of a large network of paved roads Had a very provincial outlook Roman Catholic Church had spiritual authority over most of Europe 2 changes provided Europeans to explore o The Black Death Catastrophic epidemic of the bubonic plague More than a 1 3 of Europe died Caused growth in commerce More people willing to find new products and trade routes o Rise of new gov ts that were united and powerful National tax systems Centralized nation states Portuguese went along Western Coast of Africa Marco Polo to Asia Christopher Columbus Wanted to reach Asia going west Actually landed on the Bahamas Returned to Spain thinking he found the fringes of the Far East Had religious motives for exploration Spanish Conquest exploration Began to devote greater resources and energy to maritime Spanish claimed for themselves the whole of the New World Hernando Cortes exposed Aztecs to smallpox and decimated their population 3 distinct periods o age of discovery exploration Columbus o age of conquest decimated the natives o Ordinances of discovery Spanish laws that banned the most brutal military conquests English Colonization America seemed like a place where people could star anew England was late to the exploration game Had strong economic religious motives Mercantilism Guided the economic policies of virtually all European nations Assumes that the nation as a whole not the individuals within it was the principal actor in the economy Increase exports decrease imports One nation could grow at the cost of another Greatly enhanced the position of the new merchant capitalists Increased competition among nations Radical Puritans that wanted to worship in their own independent Separatists congregations Levied taxes to support the church Wanted to simplify Angelican forms of worship Wanted to reduce power of the bishops o Often corrupt Wanted to reform the local clergy o Who were greedy and uneducated with little interest in Theology Henry VIII Spanish wife Angered by the pope s refusal to grant him a divorce from his o Broke ties with the Catholic Church and established himself as the head of the Christian faith Made relatively few other changes Puritans Jamestown The most ardent Protestants Hoped to purify the church First enduring English settlement of the New World Virginia 1607 Low and swampy and surrounded by thick woods o Malaria Focused too heavily on finding gold and not on growing food o Native Americans helped out in a large way Eventually went back under English control St Augustine Spanish fort established in 1565 in Florida First permanent European settlement in the U S Military outpost Launched unsuccessful raids against the Native Americans Formation of the English Colonies Founders of Massachusetts had no intention of breaking from the church of England Virginia and Tobacco John Rolfe produced crops of high quality Tobacco cultivation required territorial expansion o Needed large areas of farmland o Eventually moved to the natives land Wasn t enough to help Virginia Company Maryland and the Calverts George Calvert envisioned establishing a colony both as a great speculative venture in real estate and as a retreat for English Catholics Cecilius his son received a charter for Pennsylvania Delaware Maryland and Virginia Invested heavily in their American possessions and needed settlers to make the effort profitable Appealed to the Protestant majority o Tensions between the minority catholics Bacon s Rebellion Disagreed above all on policies toward the natives Backcountry was in constant danger of attack Tensions began rising with the Indians Spoke out against the governor for not assisting against the Indians Largest and most powerful insurrection against established authority in the history of the colonies It was part of the continuing struggle to define the boundary between Indian and white lands in Virginia It showed how unwilling the English settlers were to abide by earlier agreements with the natives Showed how unwilling the Indians were to tolerate further white movement into their territory Showed the instability in the Colony s large population of free landless men Carolinas Northerners were mainly backwoods Southerners were very prosperous o Good harbor at Charlestown promoted a prosperous economy o Developed close ties to the large English colony