Lecture Notes Exam II William Collopy American Revolution Violence erupts in Lexington and Concord The shot heart around the world Early Actions Thomas Paine s Common Sense pamphlet English embargo Seizure of American ships American ports open to all Declaration of Independence Statement of rights Enumeration of grievances expressed against King British Actions o Loyalist region o Merchants shipping etc On the field Washington in NY lost 0 2 Washington was victorious at Trenton and Princeton British capture Philadelphia Horatio Gates get Saratoga win Articles of Confederation Loyalist minority in the colonies Depart Boston because too much colonial fervor British move Headquarters to New York now center of British colonial power Issue government s power colonists want own rights Issue ceded land British wanted colonies East of Appalachian mountains National citizenship Ratification of 1781 War in the South Loyalists British appeal to slaves offer opportunity to support British side as soldier to be free Nathanial Greene Tough fighting inland for British British withdrawal to the coast Victory for the Colonials Yorktown General Charles Cornwallis British general surrenders to colonies French Navy Spanish declaration of war on Britain o Weakens Britain even across in Europe Colonial spirit Battle tactics British distractions elsewhere because engaged all over the world o Had to support manage and defend too many places Native Americans Opposed to the colonial expansion west of the Appalachian mountains Caught in the middle of land disputes No say in negotiations of land Peace West of the Mississippi River o Forget Appalachian line American Army Immigrants Colonial militias Class The toll of war Casualties Refugees people were displaced Destruction of crops and facilities Loyalists African Americans War in the South Loyalists support for Britain British victories Dependence on the seas o Logistical o Tactical Peace republicanism West to the Appalachian mountains Lord Dunmore 1775 Virginia o Said if the blacks found for Britain they d be free Flight for freedom Back to slavery after the war for some 9 29 10 Derived from English political ideas not original thinking from colonies Enlightenment Religious conditions of the time some wanted individualism Public virtue looking after another vs Factionalism special interest Constitutional Reforms Women excluded from any involvement Pennsylvania Plan o Single house of legislature Massachusetts Plan o Bi cameral 2 houses and an executive Haitian Revolution 1791 1804 Saint Domingue and Spain Early 17C Spain withdrew colonist to east end o Had trouble managing supporting and defending French claimed west end of island o Named it St Domingue Saint Domingue Export based economy o 40 of Europe s sugar o 60 of Europe s coffee Most profitable plantation colony in the New World Saint Domingue and France Catholic French introduces Code Noir 1605 o Must baptize slaves o Provide for slaves o Right for freed slaves 1789 Population 50 000 French 55 600 people of color mixed 9 1 ratio of slave to race Contributing Elements Religion and law ignored Danger of slave rebellion o Harsh treatment o Overwork o Malnutrition o Disease Class Factor o Usually treated well by white elites educated them White elites Mixed blood children Class race o Changes eventually Internal Struggles Slaves want freedom Free colored discrimination o Often times owned land slaves included White elites o Autonomy ability to make own decisions about their lives o Independence Saint Domingue and France must protect them because it s a French colony French protection Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen 1789 Society of the friends of blacks Glaring Contradictions Liberty Equality Fraternity Bondage Inequality Class racial prejudice Saint Domingue and France May 1791 Citizenship for free men or color White colonists object Saint Domingue 1791 Whites class with free colored people Slave insurrection in the North Toussaine Louverture emerges o Former slave leader of slaves and free people of color Slavery Abolished 1793 civil commissioners 1794 national convention Both local and national government of France decide slavery is gone o Plantation agriculture relies on slavery hard it slavery is abolished Saint Domingue and Spain 10 1 10 1793 execution of L14 and Queen Marie Antoinette led to war between Spain and France Spain supported this revolution because they were unhappy with France Tradition of welcoming foreign slave fugitives o Florida welcoming slaves fleeing from Britain Louverture commissioned as a Spanish officer o Turned on Spanish is 1801 Briefly controlled Spanish and French regions on island Saint Domingue and Britain Colonial inhabitants imported finished goods The British delivered manufactured good o Money to be made o American involved in this trade too Antoinette British navy blocked French ships in Caribbean British invaded from Jamaica High casualties combat disease War now between Britain and France because of the execution of L16 and Saint Domingue and U S were to fight Britain Free colored regiment fought beside rebel colonies in Georgia because France Awareness that slavery had been abolished in Massachusetts and other states 18C U S merchants violated French law by trading with French Caribbean colonies 18C Louisiana traded more with Caribbean than mainland North America o Chance to make money American Revolution inspires whites mostly elites in St Domingue o Wanting independence from Europe WITH slavery President Adams U S navy supported Louverture o Represented first armed over intervention President Johnson diplomatic isolation of St Domingue Saint Domingue and France Napoleon defeated in Haiti Sold Louisiana territory to U S in 1803 couldn t manage support and defend Creation of new slave territories Expansion of slavery in U S Haitian Declaration of Independence Live free and independent Prefer death to bondage Eternal hatred of French The New Nation Challenges 10 4 10 Foreign trade War debt Trans Appalachian interior Federalists big central gov t vs Anti federalists states rights The Confederation 1785 Land survey land in grid squares o West of Pennsylvania o North of Ohio River Northwest Ordinance boundaries above o Officials from capital in PA appointed by Congress o Territorial assemblies of people living on land not from someone in Washington o New states No importation of new slaves north of Ohio River Indians Resist White land speculators