Hist 105 1nd Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Current Lecture I Introduction II Diversity III Indigenous European Encounters IV Impact and Response Current Lecture 1 Introduction The Pleistocene Ice Age When humans came to Western Hemisphere Berginia was a temporary land bridge that connected Asia to North America o When the ice from the Ice Age melted sea levels rose causing Berginia to disappear underwater o A perfect place for large mammals to roam Nomads chased these animals which led them from present day Asia to North America The First Dwellers Got trapped in north America when the ice melted and covered their land bridge They kept moving south since they could no longer go north Evidence of These First Dwellers Geography climate Archeology Kennewick Man o 9 000 years old o 5 9 with arthritis o Asian skull o Spear in pelvis These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Very muscular hunter Physical Evidence o Blood types no natives have type B blood which means they had to have been around before type B blood was developed in humans Documentary Evidence o Destruction of Indians by priests The Spanish treated the Indians VERY bad o Cabeza de Vaca wrote what he witnesses which was very biased against the natives 2 Diversity Hunters and Gatherers Hunters Big game during the Ice Age o Most big game like wooly mammoths went extinct due to over hunting and the melting of the Ice Age Switched to hunting Great Plain buffalo Nomads Gatherers 1 Desert Cultures Small game little plants Moved to highlands Needed tools Nomads Married women off to other bands then the women had to go live with their new husbands o Contributed to Trading Alliances Less war Shared identities 2 Forest Cultures Seeds berries nuts Burned woodlands for fertile soil Gender roles were shown in what was found in their graves o Women had beads and grinders so they were more domestic o Men had hooks and arrows which showed they hunted and provided Cultural Diversity 1 Language 2 000 different languages when the Europeans entered the New World It would have taken 25 000 years to come up with that many languages Shows they were nomadic and traveled around changing their languages 2 Spirituality Very different than European spirituality Nature was special o Respect was essential for harmony Manitou o Spirit of the Earth o Retaliates when Earth has been treated poorly Government Diversity Individual liberty o Government by council who couldn t order just advice o Chief couldn t order either 3 Indigenous and European Encounters 1 Spanish 1490 s 1590 s Looking for Gold Glory God Married Indian women which tied the two cultures 2 French 1534 Jacques Cartier Trade Glory and God Stayed in the North away from Spain No conquest over natives just trade Married indan women o Formed an alliance 3 English 1587 Ranoke Sir Walter Raleigh o Failed Land Resources Convergence of savages Military force Glory Profits and Prophets 4 Colombian Exchange New World to Old World and visa versa New World to Old World o Gold Silver Timber Furs Tobacco Cotton Potatoes Corn Syphilis Old World to New World o Cow Pig Horse Wheat Rice Coffee and many diseases that killed 90 of native population 4 Impact and Response Old World Technology Horse riding Gun powder and guns o Changes all warfare Became dependent on Europeans and their technology
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