Exam 1 1 Von Clausewitz Prussian general and military thinker and a military theorist interested in the examination of war utilizing the campaigns of Frederick the Great and Napoleon as frames reference for his work 2 Squanto Served as interpreter in the Plymouth colony for Edward Winslow colonial representative during negotiations with Wampanoag Chief Massasoit 3 Metacom King Phillip Second son of Wompanoag Chief Massasoit led a war of Indian Resistance that combined multiple tribes 1675 1676 4 Charles Beard American Historian who focused on socioeconomic studies held that the Constitution had been formulated by interest groups whose motivations were just as much personal financial ones as they were political ones 5 George Bancroft American Historian who was the first scholar to comprehensively study the nation s past Approached history from a philsophical standpoint arguing that the American political and social system represented the highest point a state could achieve 6 George Whitefield Preacher from England who gained popularity and stimulated the protestant revival throughout Britain and the British American Colonies also promoted Evangelism 7 Jonathon Edwards American theologian of British Puritanism who prompted the Great Awakening famous sermon Sinners in The Hands of an Angry God 8 Alexander VI Pope 1492 1503 who supported Spanish claims in the new world and gave boundaries to which the Portuguese could couldn t establish claims 9 James II King of England 1685 1688 Held strict control over colonies established the Dominion of New England and was deposed in the Glorius Revolution by William and Mary 10 Hernan Cortes Spainish Conquistador who conquered the Aztecs and claimed Mexico for Spain 11 Juan Pizzaro Brother of Francisco Pizarro conquistador and conqueror of the Incas 12 Cecil Calvert Established the colony at Maryland 13 Bartolome de las casas Spanish Missionary who upon seeing the enslavement of the Indian went back to Spain to expose and abolish the practice of slavery in the Spanish Colonies 14 Thomas Hutchinson Royal governor of Massachusetts Bay 1771 1774 helped to stir colonial unrest and eventually the American Revolution 15 Richard Hakluyt English geographer who urged Queen Elizabeth to support overseas ventures particularly in North America 16 Nathanial Bacon Virginia planter and leader of Bacon s Rebellion a dispute over Indian policy with Governor William Berkeley At the height of his power his forces nearly controlled all of Virginia 17 William Mary Disposed James II during the Glorius Revolution and secured the triumph of Protestantism and Parliament 18 John Locke English Philosopher whose works revolved around philosophical empiricism and political liberalism and was an inspirer of the European Enlightenment as well as the U S Constitution 19 Gen George Washington Was a colonel during the French and Indian War and earned respect during the battle at Ft Duquesne Later would serve as commander in chief of the colonial military forces and later as the first President of the United States 20 Gen Horatio Gates American general during the American Revolution who led the revolutionaries to a victory at the Battle of Saratoga 1777 that would influence victories to come 21 Gen William Howe Commander in Chief of the British army in North America 1776 78 Won at Bunker Hill and captured New York Failed to defeat Washington and lost the Battle of Saratoga 22 Gen Charles Cornwallis British General and Seven Years War veteran who successfully led battles during the revolution driving Gen Washington out of New Jersey He would later surrender at the Seige of Yorktown giving the colonists a decisive victory 23 Gen John Burgoyne British general and Seven Years War veteran he was assigned forces in Canada to which he would command to meet in Albany NY Captured Ft Ticonderoga but was unable to make it past the Hudson River where he was fought to a stand still and surrendered to Gen Horatio Gates 24 Ecomienda System Legal system by which the Spanish Crown attempted to define the status of the Indian population in its American Colonies Convert or Die Pay tribute to those who were given land grants in the New World in turn the receiver of the grant was responsible for his subjects 25 Calvinism Theology adavanced by John Calvin Protestant Reformer in the 16th century and its development by his followers 26 Stono Rebellion 1739 Large slave uprising in S C where slaves upon gaining firearms tried to escape to Florida where Spanish would provide refuge for fugitive slaves 27 Pontiac s War 1763 War led by a loose confederation of Native American tribes that were upset with British Colonial Post War policies 28 Paxton Boys Uprising Attack by Pennsylvania frontiersmen upon an Indian settlement during the Pontiac Uprising Resulted in the massacre of defenseless Conestoga Indians 29 Quebec Act 1774 Act of British Parliament that put a royal governor in charge of Quebec preserved French Civil Code the seigneurial system quasi feudal of land tenure and the Roman Catholic Church 30 Shay s Rebellion 1786 87 Uprising in West Massachusetts in opposition to the high taxes and stringent economic conditions Ultimately led to debt reform and the urgency of a movement addressing a stronger gov t a Constitutional Convention March on Washigton for jobs and freedom august 28 1963 2 George Bancroft 1800 1891 Romantic nationalism progress liberty anglo saxon density the history of the formation of the constitution in the US 1882 PHILOSOPHICAL IDEALS 3 Charles Austin Beard 1874 1948 progressive historian an economic interpretation pf the constitution of the US 1913 ECONOMIC DETERMINIST 4 Primary source found written source 5 secondary source the book he wrote b c he is getting facts from other sources 6 Fredrick Jackson Turner interdisciplinary and quantitative methods often with a focus on the Midwest frontier thesis 7 Historical Analysis SPEC social political economic cultural 8 social analysis RCG race class gender 9 requirements for empires MSD Manage Support Defend 10 In Europe core CENTER metroplole the city 11 Americas PERIPHERY colonial centers ex jamestown and boston frontier 12 Where did strategic decisions originate center 13 Where did pragmatic decisions originate Periphery 14 SPEC framework on the periphery integrate w indigenous infrastructure vs create new infrastructure 15 center periphery characteristics geographic dilution situational variation negotiated terms 16 Sphere of