Government 1798 1877 Federal and States Conflict between N Hamilton s Economic Program Hamilton established the first financial system in America giving the federal government much more power and setting a precedent for the future Hamilton wanted to build the power of the national government and tie commercial interest of the national government to the commercial sector of the economy He planned to do this by taking over the debt of states from the American Revolution protective tariffs on goods excising the tax on whiskey and establishing a National bank S VA KY Resolutions 1798 1799 States can nullify laws Declared Alien and Sedation Acts void The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were anomously written in response to the Alien and Sedation Acts to limit the power of the national government and increase state s power by stating that all power not directly given to the National government is given to the states through the 10th amendment S 1800 Election Thomas Jefferson An Anti Federalist won the states now have more power The Election of 1800 represents a shift from a Federalist John Adams United States to an Anti Federalist country Jefferson advocates for a strict constitution and therefore a weak central government because if they have too much power the U S could become a dictatorship and the people and states won t be valued Marshall Court 1803 1819 Marbury vs Madison in 1803 and McCulloch vs Maryland in 1819 were instrumental cases in the expansion of the federal government s power In Marbury vs Madison was the first Supreme court to apply the principal of judicial review and in McCulloch vs Madison the supreme court ruled that Congress had implied powers that states do not have S SC Nullification 1832 states can intervene Congress passed a high tariff that hurt South Carolina s export economy so South Carolina called a convention and nullified the law Jackson viewed this as an attack on the Union and Congress passed the force bill that allowed federal troops to collect the tariff which was later taken away by the 1840s N 1850 Fugitive Slave Law states already had laws federal government forces states to abide The Fugitive Slave Law required the free states governments to help return fugitive slaves to their masters forcing Northern states to abide by national government s laws N Dred Scott vs Sandford 1857 Dred Scott a slave sues his master by arguing that as soon as his master took him into free territory he should have been free The supreme court denied this and said that Congress can t prohibit slavery in the territories and slave owners can take their slaves anywhere in the US Sloughterhouse cases 1873 The first supreme court interpretation of the 14th amendment that defined citizenship This case ruling stated that there was a difference between federal citizenship and state citizenship
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