HFT Exam 1 Study Guide CH 2 3 4 8 9 CH 1 Food Origins Geographical Cultural Historical Early Food Habits Agricultural Developments 12 000 BCE o In Upper Egypt grindstones were used to make flour from wild grasses 10 000 BCE 8000 BCE o Wild emmer wheat was harvested in Palestine are grown in Syria Mesopotamia Egypt and Middle East Sheep were domesticated 7000 BCE 6200 BCE o Goats and pigs were domesticated in Turkey Pakistan Influences Determining Diet Geography Environmental Factors o Water o Growing conditions Early people were hunter gatherers o Limited by the foods available in their immediate environment o Wheat barley and legumes o Wet rice farming begins in o Farming emerges in Western Europe Mediterranean region o Plowing using cattle emerges in Lower Danube 4500 BCE 500 BCE Japan 300 BCE 600 CE o Rice trading occurs between China Middle East o Coffee grown and transported from Ethiopia to Yemen Timeline of Cultures 3000 BCE o Egypt 2000 BCE o Sumerians 2000 BCE 1200 BCE o Hittites Turkey Babylon Syria 1800 BCE 1280 BCE o Chinese dynasties 1625 BCE o Minoans Crete in Mediterranean Sea 1500 BCE 1100 BCE o Myceneans Greek Peloponnesus Crete Sicily Troy 1200 BCE 612 BCE o Assyrians Turkey Babylon Syria 700 BCE 300 BCE o Greeks 612 BCE 331 BCE Table 1 4 Food Origins Trade Todays World Food Scene o Achaemenid Empire 350 BCE 1200 CE o Mayan Empire Yuctan to Guatemala 14553 CE o Roman Empire Rome Tunisia Levant Europe England Western Easters 1206 CE 1405 CE o Mongold Middle East Central Asisa China Eastern Europe 1300 CE 1533 CE o Incas Peru Bordering Regions 1345 1519 CE o Aztecs Mexico Guatemala 1526 1806 CE o Mughals Indian Subcontinent Many populations are at risk due to a lack of food o Food Insecurity Civil Strife War Low Productivity cause by erratic weather sever drought tsunami Economic Instability Corruption Food Agriculture Organization FAO of the United Nations monitors the food situation around to world Culture way of life of a group of people what they create do think customs habits language knowledge housing tools and the arts Ethnicity Affiliation with a race people or cultural group o Culture ethnicity are the essential foundations of the study of food and CH 2 Cultural Parameters people Components of Culture Country of Birth o The country where a person is born and resides shapes the food patterns of the individual and families geographic factors such as climate terrain define what kind of agriculture is suitable local foods that may be available o The economy and the agricultural conditions combine within a country to define one of the parameters of the nations food culture Housing o Another dimension of a persons culture o Ex elegant single family dwellings cottages apartments one room house where everyone eats sleeps etc o Families often live in housing similar to others in culture group Language information The Arts o Key component of culture provides a means of sharing thoughts ideas o Accurate meaningful communication is important o English used around the world as common denominator in business o Painting sculptures mosaics bas reliefs and other forms of art provide a somewhat historic documentation of the earlier people who helped to define the group s artistic culture o Music dance art forms that communicate directly to individuals and draw them toward the local culture Austria is noted for its music Literature o William Shakespeare o Charles Dickens A Christmas Carol brought the food tradition of an English Christmas to life o Hendy Wadsworth Longfellow Paul Revere s Ride o Storytelling another part of literature similar to literature stories passed from person to person rather than in printed form o All around the world architectural sites continue to reveal the beauty and strength of earlier cultures Architecture The Parthenon Karnak Temple Egypyt Taj Mahal etc Additional Dimensions of Culture Immigration o Many people choose to immigrate to the US in hopes of finding a better life Pilgrims seeking religious freedom Irish escaping the potato famine Students pursuing higher education workers looking for higher paying jobs to support families o United Kingdom many immigrants from Pakistan India and other distant areas Lifestyle France is similar many residents from North Africa o People immigrate because of Wars political refugees o Customs traditions that are common to a cultural group ex Shaking hands or bowing Ex late dinner 10pm in Spain o Body Language Movements made that reveal attitude or feelings to another person someone s home Ex personal space eye contact removing shoes before entering Cultural Insights in the Far East Space Greeting o Japanese appreciate private space bow serves as greeting depth of bow reflecting importance age of the person being greeted o Weak grip hand shake o Touching is uncommon among Chinese o Business cards very important Body Language o Avoid any prolonged eye contact o Sole of your shoe should not be exposed palm of your hand pointed downward when pointing or beckoning o Mouth never be seen open Names Family o Family name often the first name in the sequence followed by the given o Respect for the elderly and paternalistic and rigid hierarchy in family name organization Cultural Insights in India Southeast Asia Greetings o Indonesians and Filipinos shake hands o Malaysians may extend their palms outward and touch fingers in greeting while Thai Balinese Indian women and some other Hindus greet people with their hands together in a prayer like manner and sometimes with a slight bow o Indian men shake hands Cultural Insights in Middle East Family Values world o Women important in families and may be quite protected from the rest of the Wearing of the burka or similar enveloping outer garments o Family and its honor are at the center of values o Males are clearly recognizes as the leaders of their families and male children are especially cherished Interactions o Men may embrace each other in greeting may touch and may stand quite close to other while talking o Punctuality is not a value in this part of the world but warm hospitality is o Generosity often is so great that the Middle Easterners may give you an item o Friday is the Islamic religious day and no business is to be conducted o Women children may eat separately after the men but food served follows important that you admired Eating Traditions muslim law them No alcohol or pork goat dog crab lobster or products containing Ramadan daytime fasting Jewish
View Full Document
Unlocking...