People To Know Harodl Laswell s 1948 one way model of comm There are limitations 1 Communication needs a correspondence or feedback in order to create a shared meaning o Because if someone speaks to you in Chinese and you don t speak Chinese communication is not occurring 2 It makes it seem like we are just giving away information and there is nothing that can interfere in this communication process o Doesn t include or explain non verbal communication Head nods winking waving 3 Assumes that the receiver is a passive audience aka one that won t have a response o Huh what passive responses that are not included in the model This proves that communication is a reciprocal and ongoing process Wilbur Schramm developed better more graphic model of communication Schramm s model of communication Shows at any point the model will adapt to the receptors and interpreters reactions Interpersonal communication communication between 2 people or less o Shows that there is no clear source or receiver o Communication is ongoing and reciprocal so every participant creates meaning through encoding and decoding o Encoding 1st done by turning ideas into understandable sign symbol Aka turning thoughts into text words writing etc Ex speaking typing what we hear writing printing filming o Decoding once received the signs symbols are interpreted o Medium vehicle by which messages are conveyed see important definitions Ex reading text listening to words etc Encoded messages are carried by a medium for examples No model can explain everything about communication This one is missing noise See Mass Comm figure William Schramm s model of Mass Communication Schramm recast his and Osgood s general model to better understand mass communication Differences from Schramm s communication model o Mass Communication model shows Inferential feedback indirect rather than direct feedback Strength in this model there is feedback and noise Noise any interference with successful communication o Is the AC on in the room noise Yes o Studying with tv or music on Yes if it interferes with your focus If it helps you study than no it s not noise o Schramm s Mass Communication Continuum Changes from left to right Messages less personal more general Audience More remote less involved more diverse Channel More technology driven more expensive Irwin and Erastus Beadle brothers Started this company called Beadle and Co o Sold books for 10 cents aka Dime Novels Pulp novels o Focused on Frontier and Adventures They democratized books and turned them into mass medium o Democratized made them available to all Produced paper backs unlike all books which were hard copy o Made production price cheaper o Production is cheap books are cheap books aren t a symbol of wealth They were books that were already successful hard copies Sold everywhere Sales of paperback surpassed hard copies Today more than 60 of all physical books sold in the US are paperbacks Allen Lane invented paperback books in London Robert de Graff brought paperbacks to the US o Sold Pocket Books for 25 cents o I repeat 60 o Only percent he said was important Benjamin Hariis Printed his own broadside 1 day stint critical of local and European dignitaries failed to get a license to print John Campbell Boston postmaster Boston News Letter survived the revolution Survived because of government support But with gov support comes gov control But it established the revolution and provided info to the colonies It was dull and expensive Featured foreign news England reprints gov announcements and shipping news Ben Franklin Established a print shop took over the Pennsylivania Gazette a failing newspaper ran it with independence started to print what he found was important Not afraid to go against authority Got advertising support so was shielded from gov control o Example of financial independence leading to editorial independence John Peter Zenger German printer Tried and aqcuited for printing seditious against the colonies governor This case became a symbol of colonial newspaper independence from the Crown o Symbol of freedom of speech that encouraged people to revolt against the colonial government Notes from video in class Glimmer of hope for The Morisites o Morris asked him to start printing a paper and Zenger agreed o Produced the New York Weekly Journal Criticized Cosby and his administration Most likely author of the controversial writings James Alexander Cosby was outraged had the paper publicly burned Arrested Zenger o Crown vs Zenger trial took place Andrew Hamilton best lawyer in the colonies defends Zenger Confesses that Zenger printed the paper but hopes he did nothing Jury decides if he printed it judge decides if print is seditious Hamilton disagrees with this Hamilton tries to appeal to the jury saying that if it is the truth it isn t wrong wrong Appeals to their sense of liberty and freedom Declare he is not guilty o The Bill of Rights was drafted o 1st Ammendent reads Congress shall make no law respecting or abridging the freedom of speech Adams passed the Alien and Sedition Acts o Made illegal writing publishing or printing any false scandalous and malicious writing about the president o As way to protect against these anit gov threats o Only lasted for 2 years because they didn t want history to go backwards Congress didn t want to renew the alien and sedition acts Notes from video about Allien and Sedition Acts o People claimed Adams was power hungry o Made it harder for people to become US citizens o Gave President the right to throw any foreigners out of the US o Thomas Jefferson was outraged Said this violated the constitution if this could be passed the next thing you know they ll pass a law saying the president can stay in office forever Among opposition to the Allien and Sedition Acts Jefferson was elected the countries 3rd President Called his victory a revolution President John Adams After the Independence Important definitions Chapter 1 Communication The process of creating shared meaning KNOW The transmission of a message from a source of a receiver A convenient way to describe an act of communication is Ultimately MEDIA COMMUNICATION We are receiving some sort of message and it is producing Medium vehicle by which messages are conveyed Ex Sound waves and telephones some sort of effect o Sound waves carry our voice to our audience o Telephone carries voice across world Mass Mediums plural Mass Media When the medium is a technology that carries a message
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