Study&Guide&Test&5&&&**Bolded'Terms/Definitions'and'Lilac'Boxes'in'Each'Chapter''http://quizlet.com/39820012/commEdisordersEtestE5EflashEcards/'''Chapter'8'''Prevalence'and'Incidence'Rates'for'Stuttering'''Stuttering&Incidence:&1%&80%&of&children&recover&within&the&first&FEW&years&65%&of&children&will&recover&within&one&year&&'Types'of'Normal''(Between'word)'vs'Stuttered'(Within'Word)'Disfluencies'and'Recognize'Examples'of'each'type'' 'Stuttered&Within&Word&BSound/Syllable&Repetition&(bBbBbBboy)&BProlongation&(I&Ssssssswing)&BBroken&Word&(Base&&BpauseB&&ball)&&Normal&Between&Word&&BMulti&syllabic&whole&word&repetitions&&(I’m&going&going&home)&Bphrase&repetition&and&interjection&(She&hit,&she&hit&me)&BRevision&&&Both&BMono&syllabic&whole&word&repetitions&(I&I&I&I&hit&the&ball)&&'Developmental'vs.'Neurogenic'Stuttering'Developmental&(ages&2B6)&Neurogenic&(adolescent/adult)&Singing&and&repeated&readings&help&&Develop&it&in&preschool&years,&onset&is&gradual&&&Secondary&characteristics&present&&Can&see&the&stuttering&in&Content&w ords&Don’t&Help&&Neurological&damage&onset,&instant&with&trauma&&NO&secondary&characteristics&present&&See&stuttering&in&Function&words&and&widely&dispersed&throughout&the&and&initial&syllables&&utterance&(MORE&than&just&initial&syllable)&&&&&&&&BParkinsons&and&ppl&recovering&from&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&TBI&''Blood'Steins'Phases'' Table'8E2''Phase&1&(2B6&years)&Stuttering&is&episodic&&Beg&of&words&and&sentences&effected&&Repetitions&most&common&Not&bothered&by&it,¬&aware&&&Phase&2&(Elementary&School)&Stuttering&is&chronic&&Stuttering&on&content&words,&more&habitual&Child&refers&to&self&as&stutterBer&&Phase&3&(8&yearsByoung&adult)&Stuttering&is&situational&(in&response&to&certain&situations)&&Little&bit&of&avoidance,&little&bit&of&embarrassment&&Phase&4&Most&advancedB&at&its&apex&of&development&&Fearful&anticipation&and&embarrassment,&person&will&avoid&talking&situations&''Theories'and'conceptualizations'of'Stuttering''Organic&Theory:&actual&physical&cause&Cerebral&dominance&theory:&structural&or&functional&differences&in&the&brains&of&adults&with&chronic&developmental&stuttering&&&Argument&that&neither&right&nor&left&hemisphere&is&dominant&for&people&who&suffer&&Behavioral&Theory:&stuttering&is&a&learned&response&Antecedent&even&that&starts&behavior,&environmental&model&&Diagnosogenic&theory:&overly&concerned&parents&react&negatively&to&normal&hesitations&which&causes&anxiety&in&child&and&increases&stuttering&later&in&life&&Psychological&Theory:&come&from&neurotic&symptom&&& Not&treated&like&speech,&treated&with&psychothera p y&&Have&internal&conflicts,&manifestations&of&fear&&Psychogenic&stuttering:&stuttering&as&a&result&of&a&traumatic&event&&Current&conceptual&models&of&stuttering&&&Covert&Repair&Hypothesis:&stuttering&is&a&react ion&to&a&flaw&in&the&speech&When&a&person&gets&ready&to&correct&themselves&it&results&in&hesitation& & &&Demands&and&Capacities&Model:&Stuttering&develops&when&demands&to&produce&fluent&speech&exceed&child’s&physical&and&learned&ca p acity&&When&a&child&experience&language&growth¬&in&line&with&other&maturation&disruption&leads&to&stuttering&&EXPLAN&Model:&fluency&problems&happen&when&linguistic&plans&are&sent&to&slowly&to&the&motor&systemB&when&these&two&don’t&happen&simultaneously&& & NonBlinguistic& & & Linguistic&& & BIntonation& & & BMental&representation/symbolic&&& & Brhythm&& & Brate&''Therapeutic'Techniques'with'young'children''Evaluation&Bcollection&of&speech&(conversation&and&reading)&Baverage&number&of&each&type&of&disfluency&Bduration&of&disfluency&Bstandardized&tests&Bwhat&is&happening&in&surrounding&environment&&Btherapy&may&be&recommended&IF&& & sound&prolongation&is&more&than&25%&of&total&disfluencies&& & sound&repetitions&or&prolongations&are&on&first&syllab l es&&& & loss&of&eye&contact&on&more&than&50%&of&utterances&& & a&score&of&18&or&more&on&the&stuttering&prediction&instrument&& & at&least&one&adult&expressing&concern&&&&&&&&Indirect&Approach&Direct&Approach&For&children&just&beginning&to&stutt er&(mild)&&Provide&SLOW&RELAXED&speech&model&for&parents&to&adopt&as&well&&Play&oriented&activities&&Goal&of&indirect:&facilitate&fluency&through&environmental&manipulation&(not&changing&behavior)&&For&children&that&have&been&stuttering&for&at&least&a&year,&moderate&to&severe&&Teach&the&stutterBer&the&difference&between&hard&(fast)&and&easy&(slow&and&relaxed)&speech&&&Explicit&attempts&to&change&behavior&and&modify&speech&&&Therapeutic'Techniques'with'older'children'(Stuttering'Modification'vs.'Fluency'Enhancement)''Fluency&Shaping&Techniques&Stuttering&Modification&Techniques&**Change&overall&timing&and&pattern&HOPEFULLY&ELIMINATE&STUTTERING&&&&&1.&Prolonged&speech&2.&Light&articulatory&contacts&and&GVO&3.&Pausing/phrasing&4.&Response&contingent&simulation&&Focusing&on&ONLY&stuttered&behaviors&Trying&to&teach&them&to&become&better&stutterBers&rather&than&get&rid&of&it&completely&&&1.&Cancellation&Phase&2.&PullBout&phase&3.&Preparatory&sets&&''Chapter'10''Be'able'to'give/'recognize'examples'from'Table'10E2'page'284''What'does'it'mean'to'classify'a'consonant'by'manner,'place,'voicing?''Consonant&Phonemes&may&be&classified&by:&&Place&of&articulation:&which&articulators&are&used&Manner&of&Production:&how&the&sound&is&made&Voicing:&whether&they&occur&with&laryngeal&vib ration&'Be'able'to'recognize'examples'and'definitions'from'Table'10.3'page'289''Phonological&Processes:&variations&in&the&way&sounds&are&produced,&these&are&rules&of&system&for&mapping&sounds&in&a&language&based&on&a&child’s&limited&articulatory&abilities&&Final&consonant&deletion:&Reduces&CVC&struct u re&to&CV&& EX:&Cat&becomes&Ca_&&Weak&Syllable&Deletion:&reduced&number&of&syllables&&& EX:&Telephone&becomes&tephone&&Reduplication:&syllables&in&multisyllabic&words&repeat&& && EX:&Mommy&becomes&mama&&Consonant&Cluster&Reduction:&Reduces&CCV&(conson antBconsonantBvowell)&to&just&CV&(consonantBvowell)&& EX:&Tree&becomes&te&&Assimilation:&one&consonant&becomes&like&another,&although&the&vowel&is&usuallt¬&effected&& EX:&Doggie&becomes&Goggie&&Stopping:&Fricatives&are&replaced&by&stops&& EX:&Face&becomes&pace&&Fronting:&Velars&are&replaced&with&more&anteriorly&produced&sounds&& EX:&Go&become&Do&&
View Full Document
Unlocking...