Brief History of the newspaper cont.Revolutionary Press (Mid 18th to Early 19th century)Newspaper was not object, very partisan. They did not try to cover both sides of the story. This period can also be called the partisan press period * The alien and sedition actThe newspaper was target towards the rich so it contained mostly shipping and business news. Very political.Penny press (Early to mid 19th Century)We start to move westward, therefore more immigrants and schools are being organized which means reading is becoming more common.Technology is making printing cheaper and faster.Easier to distribute newspapersShift in audience leads to shift in content. As immigrants came in more and more diversity needed to grace papersThe audience of the newspapers grew which changed the newspaper drastically providing voices for the voicelessHuge advance in advertising1820’s Freedom Journals (African American press)Fredrick Douglas started a paper called the “Ram’s horn”Also started the “North Star”, very strong voice against slavery.1880’s more than 800 foreign language newspapers.Newspapers truly become a mass media; here in this period they begin to take the shape of the media we know today.Important people during the Penny press periodBenjamin Day (1833) The New York SunHe started to write about the daily lives of people, movement from the political agendaHe wrote about drunks, gossip and mischief.James Gordon Bennett (1835) The HaroldStarts new sections of the News Papers, like sports, letters to editors, art and business.Horous Greely (1841) New York tributeWanted to draw focus on improving society rather then gossip and mischief issues such as the ones in Bennett’s and Day’s PapersArguments against slavery, improving democracy, and giving rights to womenModern Press (Mid 19th Century to present)Inverse pyramid style was to rely the most important information first.A lot of changes took place in this period called “New Journalism” during the 70’s and 80’sThe technological advances allowed for larger headlines, images, writing starts to become professional.Important people during the modern press period:Joseph Pulitzer (The World) “ The Pulitzer Prize”William Randolph Hearst (The Journal)Both worked to develop the professional aspects of the Newspaper, wanted to focus on excellence.Yellow journalism – was the negative side of journalism, used to grab the attention of audience. This included stories that didn’t have much research behind it but just seeks create eye catching headlines.Richard Outcault was the person who drew the image of the yellow kid.Muckraking - A team of journalist who went to investigate the church, the government and corrupt businesses and expose them to society. This was good in that it seek to educate society.Wire services- The New York Associate Press (1856):The idea of pooling resources to get stories. The AP receives money to go out and find stories and then give those stories to newspapers. This is a way to save money however everyone ends up with the same stories. These services became important during the 1890’sOther Associate press companies:ReutersThe United Press internationalThe competition between newspapers started to increase because of the huge explosion of new newspapers. Competition also begins to grow between radio and television. We start to see monopoly and chain ownership when bigger newspaper companies begin to buy the smaller newspaper companies. Fewer voices are being heard because bigger companies are sweeping them up.Chain Ownership Companies:Scripts Corp. (1870’s)Media News Groups (the largest)Owns 123 news papersGannett (second largest)Constructing the NewsWhat is News?News = what is deemed to be newsworthyWe have to apply news values in order to determine what is newsworthyTimelines (The most updated news)Conflict ( We like to hear about drama. I.E.: and wars)Impact ( What emotional hold the news has on us I.E. Earthquakes, national crisis)Prominence ( Celebrities, Important people)Proximity ( Location based reporting, I.E. reporting on a local accident in Tallahassee in the Tallahassee news)Human Interest/ bizarreDifferentiating news from editorial ( News is objective, while editorial is opinionated)Differentiating hard and soft news ( hard news is factual and soft news is suggestive information)The point to be made is that someone (gatekeeper) is deciding what the news is. So basically news is a construction because it is put together by a group of people deciding what to print and therefore what media content we have access to.MMC 2000 Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture II. Media Literacy III. News Papers Outline of Current Lecture IV. Cont. of the History of the News Papera. Revolutionary Pressb. Penny Pressc. Modern Day PressV. Constructing the News Current LectureBrief History of the newspaper cont.←← Revolutionary Press (Mid 18th to Early 19th century)- Newspaper was not object, very partisan. They did not try to cover both sides of the story. This period can also be called the partisan press period * The alien and sedition act - The newspaper was target towards the rich so it contained mostly shipping and business news. Very political.← Penny press (Early to mid 19th Century)- We start to move westward, therefore more immigrants and schools are being organized which means reading is becoming more common.- Technology is making printing cheaper and faster. - Easier to distribute newspapers- Shift in audience leads to shift in content. As immigrants came in more and more diversity needed to grace papers- The audience of the newspapers grew which changed the newspaper drastically providing voices for the voiceless- Huge advance in advertising - 1820’s Freedom Journals (African American press)o Fredrick Douglas started a paper called the “Ram’s horn”o Also started the “North Star”, very strong voice against slavery. - 1880’s more than 800 foreign language newspapers. ← Newspapers truly become a mass media; here in this period they begin to take the shape of the media we know today.Important people during the Penny press period - Benjamin Day (1833) The New York Sun o He started to write about the daily lives of people, movement from the political agenda o He wrote about drunks, gossip and mischief. - James Gordon Bennet (1835) The Harold o Starts new sections of the News Papers, like sports, letters to editors, art and business. - Horous
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