MMC2000 Proffitt Summer 2011 Exam 3 Study Guide Textbook Page 1 of 14 Chapter 10 The Internet and the World Wide Web Explain the history of the Internet including the versions of the origin of the Internet and the military applications The internet was initially built to protect national security in the face of a nuclear attack Joseph C R Licklider joined the rush towards the development of o Internet a global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely and share and exchange information Colossus was the first electronic digital computer o Reduced binary code code made up of the digits 1 and 0 ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator was the first full service electronic computer commercial computer o Introduced by John Mauchly and John Presper Eckert UNIVAC Universal Automatic Computer used by Census Bureau and became the first successful ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency established to sponsor and coordinate sophisticated defense related research o Paul Baran packet switched network Common communication rules protocols Destination or delivery instructions embedded in all information send on the system Purpose increase the toughness of communication To optimize use of available link capacity minimize response times and Personal computer laptop leaders were Bill Gates Steve Jobs and Stephen Wozniak o Bill gates Paul Allen founded the Microsoft Corporation Operating system the software that tells the computer how to work o Jobs Wozniak Apple II computer designed for personal use What is the definition and significance of the term the global village The idea that the new communication technologies will permit people to become increasingly involved in one other s lives A village coming together by means of the different media types most especially the World Wide Web making it easy to pass across messages like the news thereby making the world become like a single village where people can easily contact each other quicker across seas What are the concerns raised in the sections The Internet and Freedom of Expression Freedom of the Press for Whom Controlling Internet Expression Pornography on the WWW There is no central location no on and off button for the internet making it difficult for those who want to control it People express themselves by radical profane and vulgar thoughts This gives voice to those who would otherwise be silenced Internet control is a breeding ground for abuse Issues of freedom of expression o The first amendment s freedom of the press guarantee a reality for greater numbers of Page 2 of 14 people o Setting boundaries of control Internet can distribute secret or confidential contents with total assurance of secrecy Blogs are more of a threat than people realize The internet does not distinguish between true and false biased and objective trivial and important Protecting children from things such as porn Can t prohibit them because it violates the first amendment What is copyright What does the Digital Millennium Copyright Act do Copyright protection is designed to ensure that those who create content are financially compensated for their work The Digital Millennium Copyright Act o Makes it a crime to circumvent anti piracy measures built into most commercial software o Outlaws the manufacture sale or distribution of code cracking devices used to illegally copy software computer security systems o Permit breaking of copyright protection devices to conduct encryption research and test o Provides copyright exemptions for nonprofit libraries archives and educational institutions under certain circumstances o Limits the copyright infringement liability of Internet service providers for simply transmitting information over the Internet but ISPs are required to remove material from users Web sites that appears to constitute copyright infringement o Requires Webcasters to pay licensing fees to record companies o States explicitly that fair use instances in which copyrighted material may be used without permission or payment such as taking brief quotes from a book applies to the Internet 6 What are the concerns raised in the section Privacy Privacy in mass communications is concerned with individuals rights to protect their privacy from invasive intrusive media Authorized interception of media messages o Employer reading employees emails How the information we give to one entity is easily and cheaply given to countless unknown others Radio frequency identification RFID chip a microchip and antenna embedded in consumer products that transmit a radio signal o Can eventually monitor things you buy For example it can let your insurance company know that you bought sugared snacks Smart phones have applications that allow you to show your real world location Cloud computing storing computer data including personal information and system operating software on third party environments o Anyone can access this as long as they have a password bad guys can hack Online merchandizing can lead to identity theft and people cloning your credit cards etc What is meant by virtual democracy The technology gap Digital divide The information gap Virtual democracy when computer technology is often trumpeted as the newest and best tool for increased democratic involvement and participation o Internet political action in forms of flash mobs and online groups o 2008 presidential election made extensive use of the internet Technology Gap Today mostly everything has been moved to online welfare applications voting etc it is not fair for those who do not have access to computers 75 of people in the US have internet what about that 25 They don t get access Information Gap if computer technology gap creates an even wider gap then democracy will suffer from Knowledge gap growing differences in knowledge civic activity and literacy between better informed and less informed Americans Page 3 of 14 What are the concerns raised in the sub section Information Knowledge and Understanding under the section Virtual Democracy Cyberworld may not be the best place to practice democracy Until there is no more technology gap certain voices will have less access to their leaders that those who are connected Cyberdemocracy by its very virtual nature is antidemocratic o For example back in the day the president could ask for airtime from one of the three major television stations Now if he addresses the nation only a small proportion of citizens are likely to tune in We tend to
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