Constructing the News News what is determined to be newsworthy Continued Chapter 4 Newspapers MMC 2000 Test 2 News Values Timeliness Conflict Impact Prominence Gatekeepers decide what is isn t news importance Who are the Gatekeepers Editors Corporate Owners Writers Politicians Ultimately news is influenced by a construction process Two competing interest Advertisers Commercial concerns Story formula Selection use of sources Resource of Constraint of ads of news articles Emphasis of Deviance Pack mentality if this is covering that then we should too Newspaper industry today is struggling Steady decline in printed newspaper because you can also access online which is a lot easier and cheaper than buying actual printed newspaper Newspaper Industry Today More than 9 800 newspapers operating in U S today 77 are published on a weekly basis About 250 newspapers specifically targeting to African Americans About 130 cities have at least one bilingual newspaper Thanks to passalongs giving someone else your newspaper there are about 200 million views of newspapers In 2011 there were 1 382 dailies Chapter 3 Books A short history of books Created after Gutenberg invented the printing press Only religious books made it to colonial america because of cost and illiteracy of immigrants Immigrants that came to America had little time for leisurely activity like reading because they worked from sun up to sun down Books in America Pslam book 1638 First printing press in America called Cambridge Press 1644 First book printed in the colonies called The whole book of Pslam aka Bay 1732 Poor Richard s Almanac written by Ben Franklin Sold 10 000 copies anually Topics about poetry and the weather and other topics A variety of material wasn t printed because colonial governors were loyal to the King Reason James Franklin was jailed remember The Early Book Industry After Independence was won printed books became a way of life in every big city political cultural Linotype technology that allowed the mechanical rather than manual setting of print type Offset lithography printing from photographic plates instead of metal casts Dime Novels also called pulp novels books that were really cheap only a dime hence the name Dime Novels Penguin Novels Published by Allen Lane Paper back books published during the Great Depression that made it possible for a lot of people to purchase books because it cost less to buy the paperbacks Robert De Graff Created small inexpensive pocketbook paperbacks that only cost 25 cents that were books that had become successful in hardcover These books were sold everywhere bookstores train stations newsstands Cultural Value of Book Books help make us unique Books are agents of social and cultural change Books are the window to our past Books are sources of personal development Books are the mirror of culture Censorship Targets for censorship because of social change Aliteracy when people have the ability to read but choose not too They censor themselves from the books and they do not read for pleasure Daily reading for 18 24 yr olds increased to about 25 minutes per day Scope and Structure of the Book Industry Categories of Books Book Club Editions El hi Elementary school High school Higher Educations textbooks Mail Order Mass Market Paper Books Professional Books Religious Books Standardized tests Subscription Reference books Tradebooks hard soft cover including fiction nonfiction University Press Books Convergence pages E publishing the publication of books online Books today are not composed of paper Fun facts By summer 2011 105 E books purchased for every 1 regular book X mas day 2009 first day E books exceeded print books 10 of book Industry is E books Amanda Hocking Wrote Girl with the dragon tattoo could not find someone to print her paper copy or hard copy Turned her book into an E book and sold millions of copies and ended up getting a release for a movie too Print on Demand POD Books only printed when ordered that way there are never a ton of extra copies laying around Remainders unsold books returned to publisher to be sold at a lower price Instant books Books printed right after an event ex Will and Kates love story written and published only a few days after their engagement 9 11 memorial books published a few days after the terrorist attack E Readers Digital books with the appearance of regular books Platform Agnostic Publishing digital and hardcopy books available for any and all reading devices Conglomeration Smaller booksellers were bought out by bigger companies Cottage Industry publishing companies use to be small corporations Subsidiary rights a scale of a book its contents and even its characters to film makers Change in book retailing mom and pop stores had employees who were expert books lovers Those were all bought out by chain stores like Barnes and Noble or Books a Million with employees who might also be books lovers but really just in it for the job Also able to buy 30 of our books at places like Target Walmart and Costco 80 of sales come from 8 major companies Pros and Cons of Big Books Companies PROS Big companies More money More Authors Better Print CONS Profits determine who gets published Profits over Professionalism Blockbuster mentailty aka they seek out the big names in the book industry rather that the no name authors with Choose books based in subsidiary good books rights Chapter 5 Magazines The Early Magazine Industry 1741 Andrew Bradford Philadelphia published American Magazine or a Monthly view of the political state of the British Colonies Ben Franklin created the General magazine Historical Chronicle for all British Plantations in America Ben Franklin also started the Pennsylvania Gazette in 1729 It was also known as the Saturday Evening Post The magazine also continued for 148 more years Early Magazines aimed at the literate elite and had short stories poetry but did not become a mass medium until after the civil war Magazines prospered in the post civil war era Other Successful early magazines Harpers 1850 Atlantic Monthly 1857 Women Suffrage with Magazines Women s suffrage was big after WWII and many of the magazines were aimed towards women Ladies Home Journal Good Housekeeping Postal Act of 1879 Mailing magazines was really cheap at second class postal rates Also the railroad made it easy for magazines to be delivered out west Magazines were originally sold at 35 cents when they were filled with short stories and poems etc When magazines
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