KNES 350 EXAM 2 1 Ideal performance state a Quiet mind that results in less cortical interference with subcortical motor control centers Inconsistent and efficient execution of motor performance b 2 IPS ultimate goal a Absence of neg talk meichenbaum 1977 b High self efficacy Feltz 1984 c An adaptive focus on task relevant cues Landers 1980 d A similarity to the concept of flow Csikszentmihalyi 1975 3 Characterized by a Increase the prob of preforming effectively and state of automaticity Fitts and Posner 1967 b Without interference from irrelevant can cognitive and affective processes c A state by efficient allocation of psychological resources i Limited task irrelevant a Expertise results form an extended duration of practice Ericsson et 4 Role of learning al 1993 b Expertise appears to result from long term changes or adaptations in the way the brain functions Elbert et al 1993 c Environment challenge influences cortical activity d Psychological state alters control process affect autonomic and endocrine function e Adaptation in a learning environment f Automaticity of execution is a result of deliberate practice g BODY mechanics Strategy thinking Left Brain Right Brain MIND strategy Ideal performance state 5 a Absence of fear b No thinking about or analysis of performance c A narrow focus of attention on the activity itself d A sense of effortlessness e A sense of personal control f Distortion of time and space 6 Characteristics of Mental Skills tough competitors a Self motivated b Self directive i Direction comes from within c Positive but realistic i Don t complain or critisize In control of his her emotions d e Calm and relaxed under fire f Highly energetic g Determined h Mentally alert focsed i j Fully responsible Self confidence 7 Loehr 12 categories a Physically relaxed b Low anxiety c Optimistic d Effortless e alert f self confident g mentally calm h energized i enjoyment etc etc j from non athletes b Exhibited i Less abstract reasoning ii Greater extroversion iii More dependency iv Less ego strength c Team vs individuals i More dependent ii More extroverted iii More anxious iv Less imaginative 8 Athletes versus non athletes a Schurr Ashley and Joy 1977 i 2000 college males ii Catells 16PF iii Found no single personality profiles distinguished athletes 9 Other findings a Athletes are more intelligent Hardman 1973 b Athletes are more self confident competitive and socially outgoing Cooper 1969 c Morgan 1980 more extroverted lower in anxiety d Robinson 1985 elite rock exhibited lower anxiety emotional detachment lower super egos 10 What does this mean a Is it possible that certain personality types gravitate to certain sports as opposed to that the sport somehow changes an athletes personality b Similar to an athlete s physiological genetic environmental makeup can determine the sport they might gravitate to 11 Williams 1980 women s athletes a More achievement oriented Independent b c Aggressive d More emotionally stable e More assertive 12 Despite Gender 13 Predicting success a Profile of mood states i Morgans 1980 mental health model shows that successful ii LOOK AT CHART iii POMS 1 Successful athletes exhibit better mental health then less successful athletes 14 Measure personality trait typical style of behavior a b state effect on c General situation specific ensures d Situation specific trait tests predict behavior more accurately then do a Rating scales Involve the use of judges asked to observe an individual general trait measures 15 Three classifications of measurement in situations b unstructed projection tests c Questionnaires i Paper and pencil T F ii Likert Scale Type statement iii iv Definitely false 1 to def false 2 d AMI APWAI TAP WONT BE ON TEST In an athletic situation I find my self 16 Dos and don ts in personality testing a Do b Don t Inform about purpose and how it will be used i ii Allow only qualifies people who have an understanding of testing and measurement error to give personality tests i Use clinical personality tests that focus on abnormality ii Use personality tests to decide who makes a team or program and who doesn t iii Give interpret personality tests unless you are qualified to do so by APA or another certifying organization iv To predict behavior in other settings Psychological Skills Package 1 Representations exist in Chinese medicine 2 Gain the competitive edgue for the business sports and life 3 Mental conditioning pyramid a Mental training skills i Same physical condition ii What do they have mentally to differentiate from other i What am I m willing to control versus what I m not willing to b Preparation control c Awareness competitors 1 Anxiety reduction 2 Energy enhancement 3 Focus iii Process oriented and outcome oriented iv Mental training concepts 1 Recognize stress 2 regulate arousal 3 regain and maintain focus 4 one moment at a time i Things which affect peak performance 1 Environment 2 Coaching 3 Psychological aspect 4 Practice 5 Technique 6 Mechanics 7 Nutrition 8 Strength and conditioning 9 Mental Health 4 Goal setting a Processed oriented goals b Set process goals c Be specific d Set challenging realistic goals e Short medium and long range goals 5 Prep routines a Luck is when prep meets oppurtinity woody hayes b Routine focus on consistency c Narrows focus on shot relevant info d Filters out irrelevant info e Constructs the proper work of fram of mind f Focus on what you can control g Design game plan for normal crunch time and emergency situations h Pre shot routine i Behind the ball and shot selection left brain ii Visually shaping the shot right brain iii Over the ball set up and alignment to target left brain iv Create the mind body state to let it happen right brain i Morning prep positive thinking power Increases task relevant focus i Confidence perception expiernace ii iii Focus on what you should do and what you did iv Focus on attention on appropriate behavior v Focus attention on what you can control j Recognize stress i Environment stimuli reduce exposure ii Mind perception interpret positive iii Body response train to reduce k Regulate arousal i Breathing to relax ii Relaxation exercises iii Imagery visualize iv Stretch l Regain and maintain focus i Prep routine ii Use journal to build awareness iii Visualize perfect performance iv Mental focus drills 6 Masters mindset a Perfect state of mind b Karate kid 7 relaxation a diaphragmatic breathing b progressive muscle relaxation c autogenetic training d