KNES350 04 08 2013 Roberts Griffin Illinois uses sports psychology 1960 International Conference in Rome sports people came form all over the world to look at how psychological theory s can be applied to sports 1965 Popular use 1970 Sports psychology was taught in many classes More about the applied use of the subject attitudes thoughts mentality of sports 1990s Growth in Psychophysiology and Exercise psychology Looking at what is going on in the brain as to what is going through the body such as stress Elite skills speed agility coordination kinesthetic awareness fitness weights running endurance flexibility physique have to have certain physical credentials size and type Psychological personality and needs We took the ATPA Attitudes toward physical activity Social psychological test Jerry Kenyon social psychologist One category was social you like physical activity because you like the social part Guys mostly not in social category sometimes a college thing Physical Fitness category how much you want to do physical activities to maintain health and fitness Vertigo Fitness category you like physical activity and participation because of the thrill element of risk Aesthetic category you love physical activity and you have an appreciation for movement of the body gymnastics Catharsis category the release of stress and tension need a break and need to release some energy Acetic category type of person will engage in physical activity sport no matter what the pain and suffering might be Attitude Past experiences individual characteristics include where you were born your parents what number you were in the birth order of your family religion all influence attitude People reveal themselves by their attitudes Behavior like a stimulus response Positive attitudes positive energy o Joy fun love challenge optimism determination enjoyment calm mental state good concentration relaxed Negative attitudes negative energy o Anxiety anger hate fear negativism frustration distrust fast and frantic mental state poor concentration tight muscles You have a choice Attitudes are learned KNES TEST 2 04 08 2013 The apple does not fall far from the tree Personality traits on pg 19 5 and 6 you are normal with both 10 or 1 you are very strong in one category There are Consistencies in a persons behavior Psychiatrist was interested in sports behaviors so he spent a whole season with a pro football team There were consistencies between football players at similar positions o The big guys lineman tight ends centers attentive to detail tenacious stuck together had to perform like ballet so they were in unison and precise centers were smart needed to know the play o Offensive players neat and tidy locker rooms need to be organized and be exact with plays o Wide Receivers movie stars lonely cocky owens moss very pretentious also very precise on plays and don t mind getting hit o Defense locker rooms were messy needed to mess things up by messing up the opposing team Personality Traits 16 test No questing involves 2 traits so that means it is a trait personality Used in hiring athletes and athletic personnel Dr Brown has friend at Montana State who uses kind of testing ROBYN CATTELL created this test Valid and Reliable Why waste time if a player can not handle coaches style or coach can not handle player Example Dr Browns daughter played at UNC Greensboro and the other at Bucknell one did not like strength coach so they worked out new suggestions Three Classifications of Sports 1 Direct involves contact basketball football soccer involves more extroverted more independent individuals and the opposite would be Parallel not involving contact Volleyball baseball players need to be less anxious more 2 emotionally in control more tough minded Team Athletes tend to be more dependent than in individual sports MORE EXTROVERTED vs Individual which can be broken down into i Long more time to play golf tennis cross country ii Short Gymnastics swimming track Boys vs Girls feminine Not Really that different need BOTH to be successful Androgyny having both types of character traits masculine and o Example an androgynous person would be comfortable changing a tire and a diaper Personality Theory Since 1970 Used to help people Mentally Manage their elite athletic talents FACTOR E AGGRESSION Needed to do well in sports Aggression an observable act that is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on a person GENES and environment have great affect on your potential for aggressive behaviors Degrees of Aggression Hostile Aggression the primary reinforcement in seeing the pain injury that is inflicted on another person o Goal is to CAUSE injury and PAIN o Example flagrant foul where goal is to hurt player Instrumental Aggression aggression directed towards obtaining some goal o Goal is to STOP THE PLAY o Example smart foul in basketball where you foul aggressively to make them shoot at the line Chuck Cecil Linebacker who would tackle to take heads off became the most penalized player in the game and eventually no More Examples one wanted him AUTHORITARIANISM Athlete is coachable listen and value coaches input Wrong for young to think they know more than coach Sometimes we make assumptions about different players coaches because of their reputations Bobby Knight seen as a bad guy he will be remembered as a villainous hot head coach Gary Willimas seen as a neurotic good guy Jon Chaney Temple believed you needed to play hard and nasty to win basketball games FOUR ways to tell the intent of aggression Observation watch how it happened Look at the build up past aggression Intent can you tell the intent Previous Performances reputation as aggressive Why people show Aggression 1 Instinct Theory may be born to be aggressive may build up inside and sports is a way to release catharsis effect release of stress and tension 2 Frustration Aggression Displacement Theory FAD aggression occurs as a consequence of Frustration a Example student does not make basketball team so he takes out his frustration on little brother when he comes home i Taking frustration out on innocent people 3 Social Learning Theory modeling and reinforcing a Modeling model yourself after someone b Reinforcement when your traits are reinforced by others Parents play a key role in Modeling and or Reinforcing Parents who do not punish aggressive children will allow the kids to grow up and become aggressive Parents who punish too severely will cause them to become