KNES350 2 NO CLASS Thurs before spring break Tues before spring break online class o Questions due Tues after spring break RISK TAKING IN SPORT Risk has a dangerous component to it Risk is individual specific the way you handle see it o Look at it from an achievement motivation standpoint o Motivated to achieve success love striving for success Would choose target that has 50 50 chance because they like to REALISTICALLY put themselves on the line o Motivated to avoid failure just don t want to lose Would choose target with best chance of success or one with 10 chance of making it and nboy would expect o Athletes seek sport as situation to resolve their need to achieve compete Risk is always present Athletes face risk o Injury death bodily harm o Monetary loss of scholarship b c of injury etc o Time invest time o Social o Ethical see other athletes teammates using drugs compromising o Ex Josh Allen was running back who tore ligaments in knee career o Stress stressors occur when you think about narrowing the margin morals etc ended lost money of safety Racecar drivers speed diving high jumping Their stress comes from the excessive practice they don t think of physical execution of dive it s automatic b c of muscle memory o Athletes do not have fear when it comes to taking challenge that would be scary for anyone else Fear is turned to enthusiasm Many athletes love to be afraid Doesn t mean you can handle every risky situation the same way Athletes distinguish between risk and danger Athletes narrow the gap so they do not face as much of a risk Athletes think it is a situation to show what they can do b c of all their practice prove themselves AGGRESSION IN SPORT FACTOR E on personality test AGGRESSION Greg Williams New Orleans Saints o Put bounties out on certain opposing players o If his player tackled opposing player resulted in other player being taken out from injury his player would be awarded a bounty Aggression in sport is reflection of what is happening in society Aggression is adored praised by fans coaches Aggression refers to observable act that is intended to inflict physical or psychological harm on another person o HOSTILE aggression primary reinforcement is satisfaction of seeing pain injury inflicted on another person o INSTRUMENTAL aggression difference is why performer inflicts injury you intend to cause pain injury to person only if it is needed to complete the play Coach was ordering code red to hit players in neck o You have to be nasty physical to win division 1 level o Those who don t see it that way can t handle the truth o Kid just obeyed direct order from coach o Athlete is risking moral ethical character but was said to do this by It is important to check out coaches who you are sending your children to play with Chuck Cecil had history of making tackles o Cecil s blows knocked opponents helmets off which makes Cecil very o Cecil was imitating boxing referee to see how long opponent remained o Cecil doesn t remember what happened after entering euphoric state o Cecil was most highly fined NFL player in his time o CBS praised him said that is how a safety gets to the pro bowl o His reputation became known for his aggressiveness tackles coach happy down headbutts etc Ice hockey fight is a brawl o 3rd man rule if 2 people are fighting a 3rd person can t come in Fight typically ends when 1 person falls o Most hockey fights b w 2 players o Man who gets in first punch usually has advantage o If you are going to fight be first to fight o Flicking the glove in opponent s face hitting him with other hand before he can see It coming is good strategy o Balance is essential on ice o The meaner you are the easier it will be for you To distinguish hostile vs instrumental aggression done by referees o Nice guys finish last o Reputation of player o Reputation of team Ex Oakland Raiders has history of recruiting bad guys o Situations leading up to that play fights etc Assertive vs aggressive behavior o Intent of assertive behavior achieve goal and not inflict injury Falls within the rules of game 3 8 12 Instinctive theory born with personality characteristic of aggression o If your parents are aggressive you have better chance of being aggressive Bottled up emotions so aggression is a cathartic experience FAD theory frustration aggressive displacement theory o Results from frustration Social learning theory aggressive behavior is learned reinforced Attempts to punish aggressive behavior may lead to more aggression Parents failing to punish aggressive behavior increase in children s aggression o Certain ways to discipline children o Overly punish aggressive behavior produce more aggression in children suppression o Parents should be role models Aggressive findings in sport o Losers commit more fouls than winners b c of their frustration of o Teams playing on their own field tend to commit fewer fouls than visitors over a long period of time b c it s a hostile environment o There are less fouls committed when there are a lot of points being losing scored o When you lower the standards of play more fouls are committed o There are more fouls committed against higher ranking team by lower ranking teams frustration o In close games there are less fouls committed b c players want to make sure outcome of game is not result of someone fouling an opponent Assertive behavior is playing within the rules o Assertiveness is learned uses diplomacy o What you want to do is avoid praising children for being aggressive but do not praise children for being passive They must be sensitive to other people o Encourage children to deal with stress winning losing o Children do not need to be assertively obnoxious to be successful In o Being obnoxious may help child especially when competing against sport sensitive athletes o Obnoxious children usually do not have many friends while they may have many acquaintances People hang out with them because they don t want to be a victim of their obnoxiousness Boys without a father in their first 5 yrs have been found to be significantly less aggressive passive o Less competitive o Both parents come down on boys who do not fulfill in sex appropriate behavior boys playing with trucks o There is more pressure on boys today in sex appropriate behavior Crowd psychology fan violence violence in the stands mob psychology o Sport is jus a reflection of life o If it happens in life youll see it in sport John Cheuffers began crowd psychology out of passion for