Study Guide KNES 350 Exam 2 Perceived Exertion Buckworth and Dishman chapter pdf file 1 Define sensation Define perception a Sensation A passive process defined as the stimulation of sensory nerve fibers due to a physical stimulus 2 Define the jnd b Perception An active process defined as the cognitive interpretation of sensations a The minimal intensity of the stimulus that someone perceives b The smallest amount of change in the intensity of the stimulus required for it to be perceived It is accurately perceived 50 of the time 3 Describe the curvilinear relationship between sensations of effort and perceptions of effort a As work increases linearly and a person approaches their maximal capacity a person s perceived effort increase at an exponential rate 4 Describe Borg s range principle a All people have the same perceptual range for feelings of exertion b All people have similar experiences and memories of physical exertion from c feelings of no exertion at all to feelings of maximal exertion Subjective feelings of no exertion and feelings of maximal exertion are perceptually the same for all people 5 What are the important aspects of providing instructions for ratings of perceived exertion RPE a Define perceived exertion b Describe the scale c Anchor the perceptual range d Specify overall or differentiated ratings e Encourage accurate and honest responses 6 Describe the methods and general results of our in class experiment that involved the cadence of stepping up stairs and the effects on RPE n 2 subjects a Students moved up the stairs at the rate of a metronome then reported their RPE As the rate of the metronome increased the RPE increased too 7 What are and are not the primary respiratory metabolic mediators of RPE a THESE ARE i Ventilatory drive ii Respiratory rate iii Measured by Ve VO2 and VO2max b THESE ARE NOT i Rate of O2 uptake ii Rate of CO2 excretion iii Tidal Volume iv Heart Rate Blood Pressure a Force or Torque b Proprioception c Hydrogen ion accumulation Lower pH d e Blood Lactate Concentration f Skin temperature not core body temp Indicated by IEMG 8 What are and are not the primary peripheral mediators of RPE g Catecholamines h Nociception 9 What are and are not the primary psychological mediators of RPE a Attentional Focus b Hypnosis c Extroversion vs Introversion d Social Desirability e Psychiatric disorders f Not Type A Behavior and not state anxiety 10 What are the problems with using 1 heart rate and 2 blood pressure as an indicator of intensity of exertion during exercise a With heart rate there is an error range of about 20 30 bpm b SBP may increase DBP remains stable or decreases slightly c MAP remains stable d Since MAP does not change that much with increased exercise intensity it is unrelated to ratings of perceived exertion 11 Describe the methods and results both RPE and brain activation of the hypnosis study by Williamson et al a The subjects thought that they were walking downhill on a level surface and uphill The perceived uphill group had a very elevated heart rate while the level grade did not much increase their HR and the downhill grade actually decreased HR RPE followed suit Chapter 15 QOL 1 Identify and briefly describe the five core dimensions of HRQoL that are agreed on by researchers and clinicians a Physical functioning aerobic fitness strength endurance balance flexibility being able to perform activities of daily living and physical self concept b Emotional Functioning and Well Being depression anxiety anger happiness hope and tranquility Social Functioning and ability to fulfill social roles Involvement and relationship c d Cognitive Functioning including memory attention concentration etc e Health status physical health symptoms and states 2 What is the difference between quality of life QoL and health related quality of life HRQoL a HRQoL is a subcomponent that reflects the goodness of those dimensions of 3 What is meant by the proxy approach to measuring HRQoL life that can be affected by health and health interventions a When someone other than the patient evaluates and assesses the patient s HRQoL 4 In studies of exercise interventions why is the subjective approach generally considered better than the objective approach Describe the evidence results from studies that support this view a Subjective measures are more closely associated with important health related outcomes than objective measures b They are more meaningful predictors of i Physical and psychological functioning ii How well patients adhere to treatment iii Patients ability to cope with illness successfully 5 Which dimensions of HRQoL are most likely to be affected by exercise training Describe the studies that support this view a Perceptions of Physical functioning a meta analysis of healthy adults and people with a wide range of injuries Twice weekly Tai Chi walking and strength b Perceptions of health status patients with heart disease and osteoarthritis c Perceptions of Emotional well being Decrease feelings of depression and anxiety in elderly and multiple disorders d Perceptions of Social functioning Elderly assigned to a health program said health interfered less with their social activities e Perceptions of cognitive functioning children with cerebral palsy 6 To what extent do changes in disease status and changes in physical fitness affect HRQoL Are increases in fitness necessary to achieve improved HRQoL a Increases in HRQoL are unrelated to changes in disease or physical fitness Increase in fitness are not required for improving HRQoL 7 Give examples of populations that have shown exercise related improvements in HRQoL Who is most likely to improve and why a People with a wide range of physical disabilities and disease b Has the greatest effects among people who have the lowest levels of HRQoL c Can further enhance HRQoL among people who are already receiving some other type of HRQoL intervention 8 Identify and describe three individual difference variables that can affect perceptions of HRQoL a Enhanced sense of control b Enhanced self efficacy c Enhanced function or awareness of function Chapter 7 Personality 1 Describe Social Learning Theory Trait Theory for personality a Social learning theory talks about how both environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior b Trait Theory is the examination of relatively enduring highly consistent internal attributes or behavioral dispositions Focus on the Person rather