KNES350 Exam 1 Review Chapter 1 Introduction to Exercise Psychology Parent Disciplines of Exercise Science Psychology various mental processes Kinesiology all aspects of sports and fitness exercise science rehabilitation etc Exercise Psychology Application of psychological principles to the promotion and maintenance of leisure physical activity exercise Psychological and emotional consequences of leisure physical activity Rehabilitation Psychology process Relationship b w psychological factors and the physical rehabilitation o Exercise rehabilitation following a disabling event stroke injury o Role of physical activity as a complementary strategy for treating disease cancer AIDS diabetes Importance of Studying Exercise Psychology Help understand psychological antecedents of exercise behavior o Adoption and adherence to program o Participation rates are extremely low Understand psychological consequences of exercise in order to introduce physical activity intervention acute and chronic psychological emotional states Primary Benefits of Exercise Participation Psychological health and physical fitness o Cardiovascular endurance o Muscle strength endurance o Bone strength o Flexibility o Lean weight o Resting heart rate o Increase energy o Improve sleep patterns o Reduce levels of pain fatigue Enhanced physical appearance o Long term aerobic exercise body fat reduction o Long term resistance training increase muscle mass Improving ones physical appearance may improve elements of psychological health self concept self esteem Improved psychological emotional health and cognitive function o Reducing negative psychological and emotional states Poor body image depression o Induce positive psychological and emotional states self esteem positive mood o Positive influence on cognitive function Reaction time Response accuracy Ability to process information Both acute and chronic effect Improved social relations o Social support camaraderie Exercise Related Barriers Convenience availability o Inaccessible transportation o Lack of inconvenient location facilities o Lack of equipment o Perceived convenience actual proximity Especially in elderly pregnant women other specific groups Environmental ecological factors o Geographical location o Climate o Neighborhood o Ex rain snowfall extreme temp high altitudes unsafe locale Physical limitation o Injury o Disease o Fatigue Often perceived barrier exercise prominent treatment strategy for various diseases cancer AIDS diabetes arthritis obesity Perceived Barriers o Lack of time o Boredom lack of enjoyment Historical and Societal Factors Industrial Revolution late 1700 s early 20th century notion of fitness first recognized 1970 s 1980 s fitness craze o Fitness health clubs and dance studios begin popping up in communities o Fashionable exercise attire introduced 1980 s exercise psychology is born o society want to improve quality of life 60 s 80 s increasing emphasis on physical appearance of body o female this is in o male big muscle vs big fat 60 s people recognize health us under individual s control play active role in maintaining and improving own health Emergence of Exercise Psychology Coleman Griffith University of Illinois Grandfather of Sport and Exercise Psychology o Coaching behavior and elite performance Gap in research b w 40 s and 60 s William P Morgan University of Wisconsin Father of Exercise Psychology o Found ergopsychology lab in 1970 s Daniel Landers PhD Penn State Arizona State Early pioneer o Blended idea of mental health and performance o USOC Olympic committee Colorado performance and mental health at elite level Gunnar Borg Stockholm o Perceived exertion scale o Psychophysics Occupational Opportunities Higher education teaching research Primary secondary education PE teachers coaches use behavioral modification principles group dynamics Fitness and wellness personal trainers directors of corporate fitness and wellness programs use application of motivational techniques and adherence strategies Rehabilitation athletic trainers physical therapists cardiac rehab Increase confidence decrease stress Business consultants and administrators effective leadership and group dynamics behavioral modification techniques Chapter 2 Physical Activity Epidemiology Sedentary Chronic pattern on inactivity no physical activity Minimal Recommended Physical Activity Achieve physical benefits Set by CDC National Institute on Aging US Department of Health and Human Services American College of Sports Medicine Sufficient Levels of Physical Activity Suggested amounts for health promotion and disease prevention Determinants of Physical Activity Refer to attached chart know positive and negative association no association b w given determinant and PA behavior Healthy People 2020 Objectives 1 5 8 10 improvement from 2008 PA 1 Reduce the proportion of adults who engage in no leisure time physical activity o Baseline 36 2 o Target 32 6 PA 2 Aerobic and Muscle Strength o 2 1 Increase the proportion of adults who engage in aerobic physical activity of at least moderate intensity for at least 150 minutes week or 75 minutes week of vigorous intensity or an equivalent combination o 2 2 Increase the proportion of adults who engage in aerobic physical activity of at least moderate intensity for more than 300 minutes week or more than 150 minutes week of vigorous intensity or an equivalent combination o 2 3 Increase the proportion of adults who perform muscle strengthening activities on 2 or more days of the week Baseline 43 5 Target 47 9 Baseline 28 4 Target 31 3 Baseline 21 9 Target 24 1 Baseline 18 2 Target 20 1 o 2 4 Increase the proportion of adults who meet the objectives for aerobic physical activity and for muscle strengthening activity PA 3 Increase the proportion of adolescents who meet current Federal physical activity guidelines for aerobic physical activity and for muscle strengthening activity o 3 1 Aerobic physical activity Baseline 18 4 Target 20 2 o 3 2 Developmental Muscle strengthening activities o 3 3 Developmental Aerobic physical activity and muscle strengthening activity PA 4 Increase the proportion of the Nation s public and private schools that require daily physical education for all students o 4 1 Elementary schools Baseline 3 8 Target 4 2 o 4 2 Middle and junior high schools Baseline 7 9 Target 8 6 o 4 3 Senior high schools Baseline 2 1 Target 2 3 PA 5 Increase the proportion of adolescents who participate in daily school physical