10 05 2011 10 43 00 March 29th Acute Exercise Research Findings about Acute Exercise and Mood The Pitts McClure Hypothesis published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1967 Injected them with lactic acid and people were recorded to make people freak out and recorded it as bad Research Findings about Acute Exercise and Mood Decrease anxiety and depression Increase in self efficacy vigor and well being In other words People generally feel better after an acute bout of exercise What type of acute exercise Type doesn t matter Duration at least 30 mins Why does acute exercise have a positive impact on mood Intensity moderate to high 65 to 90 of maximum Heart Rate Thoughts Research findings about why acute exercise impacts mood Hyperthermic Effect you are happier when you are warmer Muscle Tension Effect relaxed muscles relaxed brain Opioid effect opponent process stress kills lactic acid Rhythmic effect ex jogging same repeated motion gets your brain and body in same rhythmic effect What type of brain waves Frontal approach oriented lower risk of depression anxiety Lobe Asymmetry withdrawal oriented higher risk of After exercising you get more activity in the left side frontal region depression anxiety of your brain Dopamine decrease in depression Psychosocial theories Distraction Time Out Hypothesis listening to music may be better Social Interaction Hypothesis Exercising with others may be better Cognitive Behavior Hypothesis mastery accomplishing something like you mastered it Outline The relationship between acute exercise and mood What is it Why is it The relationship between chronic exercise and cognitive function What is it Thoughts how the mind works Why is it Public Health Implications Clinical Populations Non clinical populations Chronic exercise repeated exercise Personal accounts of cognition after chronic exercise Cognition improves What type of cognition o Executive functioning ability to plan to make choices etc What types of chronic exercise improve cognition Aerobic exercise improves cognition 30 minutes a day 3 times per week at maximum heart rate Flashback F frequency I intensity moderate 65 85 of max heart rate T time duration 30 minutes of exercise at least T type aerobic brain tissue Why does chronic exercise have a positive impact on cognition exercise less stress and more brain tissue Stress eats away at Hippocampal Volume Increases Memory center long term and short term Working memory is short term memory executive function Why does hippocampal volume increase Neurogenesis birth of new neurons Increased levels of BDNF Brain Derived Neuotrophic Factor What does BDNF do Links to neurogenesis and LTP BDNF more neurons Why does chronic exercise have a positive impact on cognition Cerebral blood flow angiogenesis Better blood flow in brain more veins etc March 31st 10 05 2011 10 43 00 Public Health Implications clinical Populations Given what we know about the effects of acute and chronic exercise which clinical populations could benefit from exercise o People with high levels of stress o Alzheimer s o People with depressive disorders o People coming back from the war Who can benefit see above Non clinical people who can benefit Obese Kids Performance Psychology Experimental Discussion Relationship between Cohesion and performance o Anyone have problems with this relationship If there is no skill and u have chemistry you may still not There may be one really smart person and no chemistry win and you can still win It could easily be the other way around the reason why a team could get along is because they have success together Chicken and egg problem Does having good group cohesion create good team performances or does having good group performances create group cohesion How might group cohesion impact group performance o Cognitive Outsourcing Theory If I have a good teammate I will trust him more If I trust him more I can outsource my cognitive processing relocate my attentional resources If I engage in cognitive outsourcing I will be able to focus on a single aspect of the group s performance and perform this aspect very well Let s think about some examples of cognitive TRUST outsourcing Ex If I am a quarterback and I trust my left tackle I can do my own job Types of Cohesion o Task Cohesion the degree to which members of a team work together to achieve a speciic and identifiable goal o Social Cohesion the degree to which the members of a team like each other and enjoy personal satisfaction from being members of the team o Does a team need one or both of these to succeed Ex Teammates don t like each other but just work together to win Determinants of Cohesion o Personal Factors Satisfaction Similarity of experience o Team Factors Prior Success Communication Having team goals Importance of achieving team goals o Environmental Factors Size of group o How do these things work How might they differ in different sports Increasing Cohesion o Team bonding Team cohesion is correlated with team performance PROBLEM chicken and the egg problem which causes which 10 05 2011 10 43 00 For exam 3 April 11 2011 Depression Did activity in class that measures your depression Effects 18 30 year olds more than any other age group Distractive mental state Common cold for psychological disorders Psychopathological disorders medical Can be inherited especially if it is bipolar too much of a certain biochemical in the brain A whole body disease 0 of the population suffers from depression Women are more vulnerable for depression than men Seventeen magazine bad influence How beauty effects girls More pressure is placed on women to look a certain way Everything is based on looks Women who base their self worth on their looks as they get older if they still do this they start to suffer from forms of depression Usually get depression from loss Loss of looks can cause a women to suffer from depression 18 35 worth based on looks 35 55 based on personality 55 self worth based on cash Difficult to diagnose depression Depression can be masked Could be masked by alcohol or drug depression or by an eating disorder The real issue is depression sometimes Personality types vulnerable Perfectionist are vulnerable to depression Other oriented those who try to please other people are very vulnerable Over achievers individuals who do not cut themselves any slack Depression is now affecting elementary school kids Number one cause of childhood depression is not looking up to parents expectations