MMC Exam 3 Study Guide Chapter 9 Video Games Brief History of Digital Games 1972 o 1st computer game Spacewar 1972 created by a group of guys at MIT o 1st home system Odyssey 1972 Put together by Magnavox o Atari founded by Bushell introduced 1st arcade video game Pong o Home Pong in 1975 offered by Sears was what started moving video o 1st handheld Mattel Electronics 1977 o 1981 Introduction of Donkey Kong 1st game based on a character o 1986 Legend of Zelda 1st open source game where you can go where game development brought arcade games into homes around a narrative 1st to introduce other characters you want to go in the game makes games more complex more expensive to develop o 1993 Doom released 1st game introduced where you could play w someone who was remotely accessing the same game play on a local area network 1st first person shooter game where the visual was you behind the gun Introduced a new genre people felt it was overly violent introduced a new level to the debate about violence in video games o 1994 ESRB ratings due to violence in video games complaints that o 2006 Introduction of Nintendo Wii introduced new way to interact w a children were too exposed to it video game system where the whole body can be immersed in the video game world Digital Games Today o 58 of Am 72 Am homes play o 135 million Am regularly play 1 5 billion globally o Average gamer is 37 years old o Female Gamers Fastest growing game demographic Women 18 That demographic makes up 37 game playing Own more than half the Wiis PS Portables o Family Gamers 45 parents play games w kids 80 families say gaming brings them closer together 52 say it is positive part of child s life o 72 billion industry worldwide 36 billion US Best selling VIDEO games by genre Top 3 Action shooter Best selling COMPUTER games by genre Top 3 Role playing Computer games include games on computers smart phones sports games casual strategy tablets etc MMC Exam 3 Study Guide Digital Games Trends o Convergence o Like films franchises sequels remakes make NFL 13 Halo 4 of Warcraft Mists of Pandaria Expansion Pack Top 3 selling Video Games Call of Duty Black Ops II Madden Top 3 selling Computer Games Diablo III Guild Wars 2 World o Advantages of centering games around franchises sequels remakes They know what sells in terms of content types of content Players become a fan of the game then become more likely to Easier to produce having a base idea of the narrative make Don t have to be quite as creative relying on what came before purchase the next installment of expansion of game additions much easier to make o Disadvantages of centering games around franchises sequels Game makers can become lazy next version isn t much remakes different they are just relying on fan base to sell the next game Flooding the market making people sick of the game Leads to an industry wide creative vacuum Games in on cable TV ads everywhere leads to this game ification of society where digital games are popping up across all forms of media Blu ray Netflix streaming etc through consoles Casual games via phones social media sites etc 92 smartphone users play weekly 45 daily Angry Birds One of the most popular games ever created 56 of time on social networks spent playing 51 logon 12 of FB revenue from virtual goods advertising in 200 mil mins of gameplay every day just to play games o Hypercommercialism Advergames Games that are put together by companies in order to sell products typically to children Games by Fruit Loops Dr Pepper on their websites Criticism Wrong to make these advergames to children for products they cannot buy Cigarettes beer etc products that aren t healthy for them Fruit Loops sponsoring in games for products they can t have access to Nick Jr game sponsored by Ford trying to develop customer base at a very young age Product Placement 1 billion in revenue in 2014 In favor of They re showing up in places that they normally would show up anyway MMC Exam 3 Study Guide Criticism People are buying the game to play it not to be advertised to Chapter 10 The Internet the World Wide Web Origins of the Internet o Early computers did not communicate w one another o 1957 USSR launch of Sputnik o ARPA formed by Pres Eisenhower Earth s first human constructed satellite ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency was established to sponsor coordinate sophisticated defense related research promoted the use of computers in national defense o NASA Computer science o Kleinrock Dem access distributed control Queuing theory How packages of data could queue or line up was able to determine overall speed of network two techniques to speed up network Dem access distributed control Dem access You don t get it until you need it Distributed control No one switch device or authority should control the entire network they should all share o Baran Hot potato network packet switching Produced a plan that would enable the US military to maintain command over its missiles planes if a nuclear attack knocked out conventional means of communication Hot potato network the message transiting in the network got to where it was going even if part of the network was destroyed Packet switching The breaking down of data into packets that are labeled to indicate origin destination of information the forwarding of these packets from one computer to another until it arrives at its final destination o Taylor Resource sharing Network that would link heterogeneous computers to each other through one single network rather than all separate networks network tie each time shared computer to one of them would not interfere w their own computer projects Building identical special purpose mini computers to form the Made universities more willing to participate in network since it o 1969 ARPANet formed w four computers UCLA Stanford Cal Santa o 1971 18 computers on network had major problems to overcome Barbara Utah Phone lines Computers not designed to run all the time Determining where network problems occur Building the Internet o IMPs developed MMC Exam 3 Study Guide How to keep network from overloading o 1972 ARPANet first demonstrated in DC Included games demonstrations of symbolic manipulation submitting jobs from one computer to another etc Growing the Internet o Tomilson invents e mail chooses sign o NSF requires orgs to be on ARPANet to get grants o Growing number of LANs WANs nationwide o Importance of TCP IP Enabled networks to interconnect communicate across gateways
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