Mass Media Final Study Guide 12 05 2014 Chapter 10 The Internet and the World Wide Web A Short History of the Internet There are conflicting versions about the origins of the Internet The command and control version is that the Net is a product of the Cold War the Air Force in 1962 wanted a way to transfer military information around the country in case of an attack at a particular location As early as 1956 psychologist Joseph C R Licklider foresaw home computer consoles linked computers creating a country of citizens informed about and interested in and involved in the process of government Development of the Computer Development of the Computer o Mid 1880s Charles Babbage produced designs for a computer o Colossus was the first electronic digital computer o Commercial computer explosion was ignited by IBM o Reduced information to binary code A code made up of the digits 1 and 0 In this form information could be stored and manipulated Military Applications o 1962 ARPA commissioned Paul Baran to produce plans to enable military to maintain command over its missiles if a nuclear attack disabled communication o Protocols Embedded delivery instructions would enable instantaneous detours if a computer on the network was unavailable The Personal Computer pg 266 o Mainframe o minicomputers o terminals o personal or microcomputers operating system The Personal Computer Software that tells the computer how to work o 1977 Apple II a low cost easy to use microcomputer designed specifically for personal use and known for multimedia Advanced sound and image applications o IBM contracted with Microsoft to use the Microsoft operating system in its IBM PC The Internet Today LANs Local Area Networks o Connecting two or more computers usually within the same building WANs Wide Area Networks o Connecting several LANs in different locations ISPs Internet Service Providers o Companies that offer internet connections at monthly rates depending on the kind and amount of access needed Using the Internet pg 267 E mail o Spam o Instant messaging IM Real time version of email o Mailing lists Voice Over Internet Protocol VoIP o Is telephone whereby calls are transferred in digitals packets over the internet rather than on circuit switched telephone wires o Think of it as voice e mail World Wide Web WWW uses hypertext transfer protocols HTTP to transport files from one place to another Browsers Search engines e g Ask Bing Google the most frequently used Hosts computers connected to the Internet URL Uniform Resource Locator o A sites official address domain names worldwide 67 Home page Hyperlinks Social networking sites o Function as online communities of users Changes in the Mass Communication Process The Double Edge of Technology o Global Village Marshall McLuhan s idea that new communication technologies will permit people to become involved in one another s lives Media as extensions of our bodies Protecting privacy in communication Privacy 1986 Electronic Communication Privacy Act guarantees the privacy of e mail o Encryption o Dataveillance The electronic coding or masking of information that can be deciphered only by a recipient with the decrypting key The massive collection and distillation of consumer data Click stream The electronic tracking of the choices we make when we are on the web Cookies Spyware An identifying code added to a computers hard drive by a visited Web site Identifying code placement on a computer by a web site without permission or notification The 1974 Federal Privacy Act restricts government s ability to collect and distribute information about citizens o A 2002 government committee proposed an online privacy protection bill requiring companies to get consumers permission before selling or disseminating their personal data o In 2003 50 million people added their names to the do not call registry In 2008 the registry had grown to more than 150 million phone number Virtual Democracy o Technology Gap The widening disparity between the communication technology haves and have nots o Digital Divide Only of the people in the US use to the internet and people with the most money can buy the newsest and later technology leaving many US citizens on the wrong side of the digital divide o Information Gap Those without requisite technology will have diminished access to the information it makes available o Knowledge Gap Growing differences in knowledge civic activity and literacy between better informed and less informed Americans o Information Knowledge and Understanding Reconceptualizing Life in an Interconnected World The Internet and Freedom of Expression o Flash mobs or smart mobs e g MoveOn org has 5 million members o Internet research company Technorati tracks more than 100 million blogs worldwide Controlling Internet Expression o Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 o Children s Internet Protection Act in 2000 Technological solution filtering software such as Net Nanny Virtually any content can be blocked Copyright Intellectual Property Ownership o 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act brings U S copyright law into compliance with the World Intellectual Property Organization Makes it a crime to circumvent antipiracy measures built into commercial software Outlaws the manufacture sale or distribution of code breaking devices used to illegally copy software Permits breaking of copyright protection devices to conduct encryption research and to test computer security systems Provides copyright exemptions for nonprofit libraries archives and educational institutions under certain circumstances Limits the copyright infringement liability of ISP for simply transmitting information over the Internet Requires Webcasters to pay licensing fees to record States explicitly that fair use policies applies to the companies Internet Developing Media Literacy Skills The Five Internet Freedoms o Freedom to access content o Freedom to use applications o Freedom to attach personal devices o Freedom to obtain service plan information o Nondiscrimination introduced in 2009 Chapter 11 Public Relations Defining Public Relations Flacks Astroturf PR professionals who are seen as snake oil salespeople hucksters and other willful deceivers Fake grassroots organization There is no universally accepted definition of public relations Publicity Research Public Affairs Media Relations Promotion Merchandising A Short History of Public Relations Early Public Relations A tablet dating from 1800 B C E discovered in
View Full Document
Unlocking...