1 Newspaper industry today a Newspapers are struggling b In 2000 it received 59 billion in revenue and in 2011 its only 34 i Lost a lot of its advertisement revenue ii They do sell ads in the online version but the gains from online ads does not make up for the loss taken from losing print ads iii A print reader is worth 20x more than an online ad in terms of ad revenue 1 Pass along readership 2 People who read print have more money to spend iv Revenue and Readership are correlated 1 With the lack of readership the cost for an ad is lower and so the revenue from ads is lower c Today there are under 9 800 newspapers operating in the U S i Vast majority 77 publish weekly not daily ii 250 specifically for African American audience iii 120 U S cities have at least one Spanish language paper iv 200 additional bilingual papers v 130 million total in circulation vi 200 million people a week see the papers due to pass along readership d Daily Newspapers 2 Newspaper industry trends a Convergence i 1 382 dailies operating in the U S ii Steady decline in number since the 20th century i Keeps trying to make money online Going digital ii Classified ad money lost 1 Because of craigslist cars com monster com etc iii Pay for content 1 Pay for online online free with print subscription b Numbers are down Competition in markets is down as well c Profits trumping professionalism i Newspapers care more about making a profit than what they put out ii 65 of daily newspapers are ads iii Ads are even on the front page d Reliance on wire services are up local news are down i This means that local journalists and staffs are getting fired 1 Brief History of Books Books a Colonial and Revolutionary America mid 17th to late 18th century b First printing press in Cambridge Massachusetts i First press called the Cambridge Press 1638 1 First book The Whole Booke of Psalms 1644 c Early best seller Poor Richard s Almanac 1732 1 Published by Ben Franklin in Pennsylvania a Also published Pamela the first true novel d Printers protest government control is printed i Stamp act 1765 all printing be done on paper stamped with government seal Way to collect money and control limit e Pampletes of Thomas Paine i Used as a protesting tool ii Common Sense and the American Crisis were two major pampletes printed f Becoming a mass medium 19th to early 20th century i Early novelists Hawthorne Melville Twain 1 They were popular because they were American and wrote from an American perspective ii The defining moment of books becoming a mass medium is because 1 Beadle and Company s dime novels a The book version equivalent of the Penny Press only cost a dime b Not great works of literature but amusing to audience iii Paperbacks Penguin Books and Pocket Books 1 60 of books are sold in the U S are paperbacks 2 These two companies made popular books available to the masses because they were cheap to buy 3 Reprinted popular books in paperback for the people who didn t have a lot of money 2 Book industry today a 2012 roughly 33 billion in revenue i Average household spending on books is on the decline ii 50 of people 18 24 never read for pleasure b Examples of major categories i Trade juvenile adult fiction non fiction cookbooks biographies coffee table books 1 Great works of lit largest category ii El hi elementary and high school higher ed univ press 1 Educational textbooks iii Professional 1 Law guides medical references governmental etc iv Mass market paperbacks 1 Quick diet guides found at checkout counter only published in paperback Designed to appeal to broad readership 3 Book Industry Trends a Convergence i Form of book is converging into other forms 1 E books e reader print on demand ii Makes up about 10 percent of total book sales but on the rise iii Christmas 2009 more ebooks than normal books sold b Conglomeration i 80 sales from 8 major companies ii Pros and Cons of this 1 Pros 2 Cons a Companies have money can print high quality a Cut out the small businesses c Emphasis on profit and commercialism i Blockbuster mentality 1 Give lots of money to authors ii Subsidiary rights 1 Author gets a cut of all products made about book a Harry potter action figures and movies author gets cut 2 Fear that only the most profitable books are published iii Instant Books 1 Book published immediately after an event a British royal love affair written in 48 hours after wedding sensational poorly written iv Product Placements d Changes in book retailing 1 Companies pay to have their product in books i Used to be mom and pop shops ii Big retail stores then entered the market Barnes and Noble 1 Made mom and pop shops close down iii Now sold at placed like Amazon and other large retailers Additional Book facts From Reading 1 Linotype typewriter like keyboard allowing printers to set up type mechanically rather than manually fragile metal casts 2 Offset Lithography permitted printing from photographic plates rather than heavy 3 Books are not ad heavy and they are direct consumer publisher based a This allows for them to be different and can attract small quirky groups 4 How can books be censored a Someone in authority limits the publication of or access to it b Causes a problem for publishers Publish the book and make money or listen to authority and ban it Magazines 1 Brief History of Magazines a Early industry Colonial America to Civil War Mid 18th to mid 19th Century i First to appear in 1741 1 Ben Franklin wanted to start them up in the states 2 Andrew Bradford created the American Magazine 3 Ben Franklin created the General Magazine a Did not last very long but paved the way i Hard to distribute ii 1821 1 Saturday Evening Post appeared and lasts 148 years iii Characteristics of the magazines 1 Targeted elite intellectuals 2 Heavy political and literary content 3 Limited local circulation NYC and Philly b Era of mass circulation Mid 19th to 20th Century i 1865 700 publishing 1885 3 000 ii 1945 32 million families subscribed to magazines iii Why so much growth 1 Targeting women a Lots of magazines about Suffrage Increased literacy 2 3 Cheaper postage and prices 4 Spread of railroads 5 Industrialization Introduced fixed work schedules a b Lets people have free time to read magazines iv Characteristics 1 General Interest 2 Mass Audience 3 National relevance 4 Visually superior v Thusly Magazines were the first true national mass medium vi Social importance muckracking 1 MacClours magazine magazine a Famous for finding dirt on people and
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