Test 1 Study Guide FAD3271 Theory good useful meaningful explanations testable and supported consistent Theoretical Perspectives of Family Family Ecology Systems Theory Social Exchange Theory Symbolic Interaction Theory Human Ecology Human ecology study of individuals and families within environments and the relationship between them Combines concepts from Systems Theory and Ecosystem Model System of people within environment Interrelationships and mutual interactions To fully understand relationships it is necessary to study the totality and the interrelationships with natural environments Holistic perspective looking at a system in its totality of sources of energy Relatedness everything is linked to everything else system System set of different things and parts that are interacting and interrelated A change in any part of the system will affect all other parts of the relationships consider complete interactions the external environments The whole is greater than the sum of its parts Continuous interchange within system between systems and between meet two requirements Systems 1 parts are directly or indirectly related to one another in a network reciprocal causal effects 2 Each part is related to one or more parts with some stability over Features of a system a Organization b Relationships c Wholeness Questions these assumptions a To understand something you must look at its pieces and b Things operate in a linear fashion Relationships Instead looks at General Systems Theory with time environments Organization Wholeness Elements of a System 1 Objects parts of a system pieces that make a system when put together 2 Attributes Qualities or properties of the system and its members Reveal important characteristics about system and interactions occurring between system its members and the Give systems individual style Distinguish from other systems Observe individual system and its relations to surrounding 3 Relationships Connection between among system elements systems and 4 Environment anything that surrounds environments as an interaction occurs Affects systems Economic educational judicial and health care settings Interdependent with people influences and is influenced by People reflect the environments that are intregal to them people Ecosystem ecosystem investigates and describes reciprocal relationship between organisms and their environment made up of organisms within environment homeostasis act of system maintaining a steady balanced state input processing output feedback input cyclical Human Ecology combines concepts from systems theory and from ecosystem model focus is on systems approach looks at humans in relationship to environment individuals linked to one another by patterns of reciprocal relationships embedded in network of physical and social environments Behaviors interactions within context of energy exchanges with environments Ecological Niche identity within system Diversity provides variety and alternative means for systems to function in Provides options from which to choose More options make it easier to Interaction when any part of ecosystem influences acts on any other part Ecological Concepts Systems regular and enduring patterns in an organized set of elements case energy flow is blocked in one part of the system and is influenced in return adapt A whole made up of interacting parts life of family Elements patterns in processes as individuals interact interactive system Key Elements organisms environment patterns of interaction within inner a Boundaries where one system ends and another begins Where two or together regulate intake and output of information and resources more systems subsystems interact or come Walls borders limits Separate from outside systems protect autonomy Abstract regulate contact with others can be 1 physical city limits state borders walls etc 2 emotional how close we allow people to be in our physical Permeability how much is allowed to pass in and out of system Determines relationship closeness distance boundaries A filter space Diffuse Enmeshed boundaries lack of regulation in people too close little autonomy between subsystems no internal support structure too open overinvolved Can lead to incest blurred boundaries and anorexia lack of types amounts of resources to go in and out control Semipermeable Clear boundaries allow certain info and Rigid Disengaged boundaries Severely restrict contact Selective of input outputs Most healthy Firm and flexible Impermeable to outside info Individuals are independent but isolated Creates a closed system subsystem boundary that distinguishes leadership subsystem from rest of Hierarchy family b Open and closed systems on a continuum how much or little will be allowed to come into system in form of Open Systems easily permeated boundaries between units or people and resources out of system information in or system is Maximal input output exchanges with environment Achieve synergy combined energy of smaller parts of larger greater than each part functioning separately Cons can cause overstimulation Closed systems Tight knit boundaries Minimal input output environment exchanges with Isolated and rarely invite others into their system Cons tend to use up and deplete own energy do not gain energy from other systems Can become lethargic Family may separate positive nonadaptive and because of depleted energy c Environment anything that surrounds and influences all systems in surrounding area Classifications of environment a Natural natural resources Untouched by man Space where events happen Time continuous duration in which events occur sequentially related Physical natural features such as atmosphere soil etc Biological plants animals bacteria etc b Human Constructed altered created by humans Sociocultural cultural patterns language laws values etc animals vaccines and social institutions Sociobiological human alterations of physical plants microorganisms ex GMOs and Sociophysical human alterations of physical environment constructed objects houses cars shoes etc c Human Behavioral Environment socialized people and behavior Psychological Biophysical Social thoughts and emotions interactions and relationships Two levels presence of persons movements and postures 1 Macrosystem larger environment of nation or world 2 Microsystem immediate settings containing individual Ex Setting for a child is a home or classroom developing child ex Child s parent visits school linking Bronfenbrenner s Model
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