FAD 3271 Exam 3 Study Guide Communication Interactive Environment Chapter 11 lecture Characteristics of Communication o Communication is a symbolic transaction process that involves creating and sharing meaning o It is essential for continuing relationships o Messages deal with your hearing vs listening o Internal and external verbal and non verbal Verbal Communication K I S Statements o Verbal communication is sounds words language and speaking Words influences emotions sense of recipients and messages that are received o 2 types interpersonal public speaking o K I S Statement generally unwise to awaken a slumbering member of the canine family For example let sleeping dogs lie If your initial efforts are unsuccessful perseverance will eventually lead to a satisfactory conclusion Nonverbal Communications o Nonverbal physical ways tone touch smell and body motion to repeat or accent a verbal message and then complement that message Body Setting is the nonverbal message and environmental context Chronemics use of time pause or silence o Mono chronic do one thing at a time o Poly chronic do many things at once Proxemics use of perception of space o Example preachers or lawyers Predominated in the USA time across cultures Cultural differences in nonverbal communication o Appearance body movement posture facial expressions eye contact and gestures o Dislike the handshake 62 germs prefer hugs 2 Elements of communication process o Message information between the sender and the receiver feelings ideas and suggestions o Medium ways the message is presented to the recipient o Recipient receiver of the message depends on their interpretation of the message Gender communication o The communicator creates and sends messages o Rapport talk mainly a women s role expresses more feelings and emotions displays both positive and negative emotions o Raport mainly a men s role general less expressive defends independence by distance and avoidance Family influences on communication o Family communication is not random o Family of origin parents siblings o Explicit rules don t talk about this o Implicit rules learned as you grow up not to say this o Functions of rules what can be said how it can be said and to whom it can be said Family Communication patterns o Horizontal chain negotiable rules o Vertical chain nonnegotiable rules ex curfew o Circle chain member comes to rely on one person for information Ex father and mother control chain and pass orders to children o Y central person o Wheel central person but allows more exchanges in other areas o Gap two people in the family that don t speak o Network everyone talks to everyone in the family open o Tier divided by generations siblings talk to siblings grandparents boundaries talk to grandparents Stress Change Adaptation Chapter 12 lecture Stressor a stimulus or event with potential to cause stress that can be Stress the reaction to a stressor involves pressure vs adaptation the Crisis a person or system that s unable to handle stress the PROCESS Family stress the state of tension arising when demands tax a family good or bad the EVENT RESPONSE to the event when you can t handle stress resources Family crisis the sharper jolt to the family o Involves change o It s a turning point o It s a time of relative instability can last up to minutes days Physical stressors external to the system primary natural environment months or even years ex hurricanes and blizzards Social stressors interactions of people with social cultural environment usually the hardest to handle ex divorced trends unplanned death Psychological stressors strong emotions can be induced by physical or social stressors usually self induced ex bad grads phobias procrastination Distress intense response caused by highly disruptive stressor Eustress when the change caused promotes improved physical or psychological functioning Ex after weeks of performing stressful exercises beneficial results in the body occur Morphogenesis process of changing or altering the form or structure of the family system Morphostasis aka homeostasis tendency to resist change or process of attempting to maintain the status quo in the family system ABC X Model o A stressor event family stressors Addition or loss of a family member ambiguous loss income change family role conflict o B crisis meeting resources Personal resources Family s internal resources cohesion and adaptability Social support o C definition of events Meaning family attributes to event objective cultural and subjective Definition is influenced by nature of event degree of hardship and family s experience o X crisis Adjustment Adaptation family attempts to make changes family needs to restructure to restore stability Maladaptation Bonadaptation Adaptation continuum o Characteristics of Family Stressors Expectedness normative vs non normative Source Timing Effects Type of event extra family vs intra family onset and duration family configuration and outcomes impact control status lift Resiliency the ability of individuls families to handle stress crisis situations and come out being able to function at a higher level than before it happened Roller Coaster Model o Copping mechanisms dipped and then returned to about the same level of function 50 of families o Family became better as result of stressor didn t experience disorganization 18 of families Ambiguous Loss learning to live with unresolved grief frozen grief o Two kinds Physical absence with psychosocial presence Ex leaving Physical presence with psychological absence Ex goodbye without saying good bye without leaving Coping emphasized variety of actions to change stressful situations or alleviate distress response o Types of change released hormones prepare body for action and o Managing stress family integration cohesiveness and adaptability family decisions and social support Coping general for children o 1 Cognitive optimistic positive attitude gather info o 2 Communication important to have a concerned listener who is non judgmental be empathetic and sensitive to nonverbal messages o 3 Emotional be aware of emotions fatigue Find constructive ways to release or come to terms with emotions o 4 Relationships be flexible and willing to change behaviors Adaptability plan activities for cohesion o 5 Spiritual o 6 Environment support from inside and outside family such as social professional groups church friends work o 7 Individual level maintain optimal health through diet and exercise and
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