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CHAPTER 11 COMMUNICATION Communication a symbolic transactional process that involves creating and sharing meaning All behavior is communicative impossible for a person to not communicate o Ex If a person says hello to you and you act like you didn t hear them you are communicating that you don t want to talk even though you didn t actually say anything The way a child communicates is how their family communicates because that is what they were taught whether good or bad Communication is essential to continuing relationships o Relationships need communication to function Messages sent are not necessarily what is received o Ex A person can hear something but not necessarily be listening to the details Social media has changed the way we communicate by making it more instantaneous as well as moving us away from verbal communication skills Verbal communication sounds words language and speaking o Two kinds interpersonal and public speaking o Translations can cause discrepancies in verbal communication because some words don t translate the same between languages o Some people have certain phrases that have meanings that other people may not understand K I S keep it simple statements o Ex Let sleeping dogs lie if at first you don t succeed try again many Nonverbal communication physical ways of communication like tone hands make light work touch smell body motion o Used to repeat or accent a verbal message complements it o Chronemics use of time in nonverbal communication Ex Using pauses to make a point o Proxemics use and perception of space Ex Sitting close to someone you re friendly having space Nonverbal cues are different between cultures between you and a stranger on a bus o Ex In the US is it customary to shake hands when you introduce yourself but in other cultures extending your hand trying to shake someone s hand is an insult Four Elements of Communication o Communicator person who creates and sends the message Everything about a person and their behavior contributes to the message they re sending Ex Having wild hand gestures a loud or high pitch voice and a smile on your face emphasizes that you are excited about the message you re sending Women have more rapport talk while men do more of reporting talk o Recipient the person receiving the communicators message The communicator must understand the receiver and be aware of the context in which the receiver or audience will take in a message o Message units of information transmitted between sender and receiver Messages have 4 parts Subject person sending the message Predicate tells the receiver what action is being done Object shows to whom the action is directed The content of the action o Medium way the message is being presented How long or short verbally or through technology etc Three Elements of Family Communication o Family of origin the family you were born into or grew up with Defines what communication style and perceptions you will have o Communication rules relationship agreements that prescribe and limit a family s behavior to maintain regularity Explicit rules beliefs that are recognized and known by the family and can be talked about more formal Implicit rules hidden from view not labeled never questioned or discussed so they are more powerful o Function rules dictates what can be talked about how it can be talked about and to whom it can be talked about Ex sadness and crying is not to be expressed Rules about communicating create communication strategies o Ex Only talk to dad about important things after he s come home and had a good day at work Communication patterns how the family typically communicates o Vertical communication when power differences influence the path of communication Ex A father and a son communicating o Horizontal communication communication between two people on the same level of power Ex siblings talking o Y communication one central person monitors information and communicates it through the chain there is little communication exchange Ex kids talk to mom who talks to dad and vice versa o Wheel communication one central person monitors the information and exchanges it with everyone else much more communication exchange Ex kids and dad all talk to mom who talks to the appropriate o Gap communication a lack of information exchange between some family members individuals in the system Ex Parents and oldest child talk but exclude younger child from the information o Network communication two way communication between all family members in the system there is no go between Everybody talks to everyone and there is open discussion CHAPTER 12 STRESS CHANGE AND ADAPTATION Stressor a stimulus or event with potential to cause stress o Can be physical external social traumatic or pleasant or psychological emotional o Can be good or bad o Characteristics of a Stressor Source extra family vs intra family Expectedness normative vs nonnormative Timing onset and duration Effect family configuration and outcome Type of event impact control status shift Stress reaction or response to the stressor o Involves pressure vs adaptability o A certain amount of stress is needed to get things done Crisis person or system is unable to handle stress o Stressors do not necessarily lead to crisis o Involves change a turning point and a time of relative instability Distress changes caused by stress are disruptive and elicit a more intense response Eustress changes caused by stress that promote improved functioning o Ex being stressed out by the changes you make to exercise and be more healthy but have beneficial results Family stress state of tension arising when demands tax a family s resources Family Stressors o Accession causing a change in the family structure by adding a member o Dismemberment causing change by losing a member o Loss of family morale and unity Family crisis sharper jolt to a family ABC X Model A leads to B leads to C leads to X o A Stressor event o B crisis meeting resources through the stressor What do you have in your arsenal of resources to help you get o C definition of event o X the crisis The meaning family attributes to the event Adjustment family attempts to make changes Adaptation family needs to totally restructure to restore stability Adaptation continuum maladaptation vs bonadaptation good adapting vs bad adapting o Ex Drinking to cope with problems vs going and doing something productive to solve the problem Resiliency ability of individuals and families to handle stress and


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FSU FAD 3271 - CHAPTER 11 – COMMUNICATION

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