FAD 3271 I Chapter One Systems Families and Theories A What is a System 1 Set of interconnected parts that form a complex whole 2 Continuous interchange within the system and between systems and between 1 09 14 a The whole is greater than the sum of its parts environments B System Features 1 Organization 2 Relationships 3 Wholeness C Elements of a System 1 Objects 2 Attributes 3 Relationships 4 Environment D The Family as a System 1 Objects members of family a Mom b Dad c Child 2 Attributes description of family Similarities among members a Size b Closeness c d Demographics e Physical characteristics f Roles and rules within family 3 Relationships a Among family members relationship with mom b With neighbors c With school system 4 Environment a Home b Community c Country E What is a Family 1 Daughter s relationship with brother compared to her A group of individuals who share a theme and goals a commitment over time and resources including a living space Paolucci 1976 pg 38 of textbook 1 Definitions of family a Many definitions b 2 Nuclear family a Parents and kids 3 Extended family 4 Family of Origin a Family born into 5 Family of Procreation a Family created 6 Household 7 Fictive Kin a Other people within family a Who lives together occupy same space a People who are not related by blood marriage or adoption but considered family b Nonrelatives with strong intimate bonds F What is a Theory 1 Way of explaining a phenomenon 2 Qualities of a good theory a Useful b Offer meaningful explanations c Empirically testable and supported d e Theory hypothesis research theory Internally consistent G Why are Theories Important 1 Explains how facts data fit together 2 Explains why things occur 3 Interpret phenomena 4 Makes predictions 5 Directs research and practice H Theoretical Perspectives on Family 1 Family Ecology a Ecology 1 Branch of science that studies ecological systems ecosystems i Ecosystem living organisms O and their environment s E ii Reciprocal relationships between O and E b Human Ecology 1 Field that studies individuals and families within their environment s and the relationship between them 2 Combines concepts from systems theory and ecosystem model 3 System of people within their environment s 4 Interrelationships also called mutual dependency relationship s mutual interactions between systems and their environment s 2 Systems Theory 3 Social Exchange Theory 4 Symbolic Interactionism Theory I Bronfenbrenner s Model J Environment 1 Anything that surrounds and influences all systems in the surrounding area 2 Describe the environment of two goldfish in a glass bowl 1 14 14 a Fresh water b No vegetation c Shallow d Temperature e Round f g Small h Mobile Contained 3 Describe your environment Time a Location southern US b Food eaten not eaten c Temperature d Education e Technology f g Culture culture ideas h People Status i Life choices j Job k l Laws m Finances 4 Human Environment Unit a 1 Natural i Space and time ii Physical iii Biological 2 Human behavioral 3 Human constructed 5 Organism or Human Environed Unit a Individuals who have some feelings of unity share some common resources goals values and interests and have some sense of common identity 1 Family 6 Natural Environment a Environment as formed by nature b Space unlimited 3 dimensional expanse in which events occur and un which matter and energy exist c Time continuous duration in which events occur and are sequentially related to one another as in past present and future d Physical atmosphere climate soil water minerals and topographical features mountains hills canyons etc e Biological bacteria plants bugs animals people living organisms that occur naturally 7 Human Constructed Environment a Environment as altered or created by humans b Sociocultural human foundation of cultural patterns e g language laws values and aesthetic standards and social institution e g Economic political religious familial health recreational and educational Sociophysical human alterations of natural physical environment and constructed objects c d Sociobiological human alterations of plants animals and microorganisms 8 Human Behavioral Environment a Environment of socialized human beings and their behaviors b Psychological thoughts and emotions of individuals c Biophysical biophysical presence of persons their body movement and physical posture d Social interacting persons groups and social relationships K Interaction 1 Occurs when any part of an ecosystem influences or acts on any other part and is influenced upon in return 2 Interaction can take place a Within environmental unit b Between environments c Between components within an environment 3 Example Teen Pregnancy a Factors components 1 21 14 1 TV shows 16 Pregnant i Human constructed environment 1 Social cultural a Values as a whole of society Influences the sociophysical b 2 Recession i Sociocultural 3 General decline in rates i Sociocultural 1 Economical component 1 Economical component 4 Time i Natural environment 5 Maturing faster i Natural environment 1 Biological component ii Environmental factors 1 Hormones GMO pesticides 2 Sociobiological 6 Time in history Location 7 8 Income 9 Education 10 Hormones L Environment 1 Analyzed at either micro or macro level 1 Similar to the near environment 2 Family members and surrounding environments M Urie Bronfenbrenner 1979 Larger environment of the nation or world 1 In order to understand human development one must consider the entire ecological system in which growth occurs Bronfenbrenner 1994 pg 37 2 Mutual interactions between developing person and changing environments a Micro b Macro 1 over lifespan 3 Model a b Microsystem interactions close to human c Mesosystem linking Microsystems together interrelations between Microsystems affect them d Exosystems settings that don t contain developing person but indirectly e Macrosystem overarching patterns and characteristics of overall f culture customs traditions knowledge laws rules Chronosystem refers to time sociohistorical conditions and time since life events 1 Historical time period 2 Family life course 3 Generational cohort 4 Age N O Ex Teen pregnancy 1 Decreased birthrates over time chronosystem 2 Specific state macrosystem 3 Religious macrosystem 4 TV show 16 Pregnant exosystem 5 Time in history chronosystem 6 Income multiple systems a Mom s job exosystem 1 Giving money to daughter microsystem b Economical state macrosystem P What happened to Miley Cyrus 1 Microsystem a Father
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