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Chapter 11 COMMUNICATION KEY TERMS COMMUNICATION ing COMMUNICATION RULE Symbolic transactional process that involves creating and sharing mean Relationship agreements that prescribe and limit a family s behavior over time Purpose of maintaining family regularity providing accountability and pro viding boundary maintenance COMMUNICATOR The person who creates and sends a message MESSAGE MEDIUM RECIPIENT The units of information transmitted between sender and receiver The way a message is presented to the recipient The receiver of the message ADDITIONAL NOTES The process of family communication is how family members negotiate and transmit the rules of the system Most of us develop our communication skills within the family system A systemic approach helps us see this interactive process of communication within the physical cultural social economic political and technological environ ments that surround and influence it Communication is an interactive process by which shared meaning is developed and managed The revolution is modern communication technology began with the invention of the telegraph One of the major problems existing today is the inability to communicate From a systems perspective Communication is viewed as a symbolic transac tional process that involves creating and sharing meaning through consistent pat terns Shows that communication is a circular cumulative process Process is a multidirectional phenomenon with no distinguishable beginning or end Communication may use verbal or nonverbal behavior Objects and ideas can also be symbols If meanings are not mutually shared messages may be misunderstood If the messages sent and received are similar shared meaning is the outcome The process of communicating and exchanging information is the key element in 1 Maintaining the family 2 Fulfilling family functions 3 Strengthening the family system to create a cohesive whole Three assumptions about communication 1 Family communication is not random Consists of repetitive and fairly consistent patterns 2 Communication is transactional Goal of achieving shared meaning Means they exchange information with one another and this has a reciprocal and mutual impact of each of them 3 It is impossible to not communicate We are always communicating Not speaking is a very strong emotional message Analysis of Interaction Patterns 1 2 through one individual the conversation Are all members in direct communication or do the members communicate Are communication patterns two way or does one person always initiate Are the communication channels open or are there areas that are not dis Is shared meaning confirmed or do people just talk without listening or 3 4 cussed clarifying messages If there is conflict between verbal and non verbal messages the receiver usually tunes into the stronger non verbal message Functional communication requires that the message of the sender be sent through clear channels and that the receiver s understanding is similar to the senders Information checks in which the sender and receiver summarize the essence of the message are helpful in clarifying meaning in messages Transactional communication and systems perspective both focus on relation ships System transactional communication focuses on the observable patterns of inter action of two or more persons not from an individual perspective but from an in tegrative relationship within the system The relationship pattern itself NOT one specific act is the focus of communica tion In such patterns each individual 1 Creates an environment for communication 2 Filters information through the process of perceiving 3 Creates and interprets messages 4 Influences and is influenced by the other person Elements of the Communication Process Four important parts 1 The communicator 2 The message 3 The medium 4 The recipient Most of us ignore the recipient and focus on 2 and 3 The Communicator The person who creates and sends a message Appearance is considered to have a major impact on how people respond and is one form on nonverbal communication We also communicate by our whole body presence Includes posture facial ex pressions gestures mannerisms and tone of voice The nonverbal messages are more accurate indicators of the real response The Message Units of information transmitted between sender and receiver Each message has four general parts 1 A subject telling who the action of the message is about 2 A predicate telling the receiver what is being done 3 An object showing to whom the action is directed 4 The content of the action Words are merely signs or symbols and they are NOT the things they represent We are moving into a semiotic age an age of visual symbolic communications in which pictures and images may shape our perceptions more than words Television is a communication medium in which word symbols are secondary to image symbols The Medium The way a message is presented to the recipient The message is often determined by the medium in which it is presented Television is one example People become captive to the technology of the medium The Recipient The receiver of the message We may understand their response to a message by a person s manner tone of voice body posture or mood which all affect our response Communication Patterns Influence Family Meanings Our physical state constitutes the first set of filters Our perceptions are also filtered through our family system and social systems Our social experiences frame our world Overall culture affects perceptions and meaning but the immediate groups to which one belongs such as family class at school and friendship groups pro vide a strong influence on individual perceptual style Place and space add contextual meaning and influence the way we create un derstanding out of the information received through our senses Physical and Social systems provide the basic filters for meaning A Pattern A complex set of actions that has been established through repetition and has become automatic Patterns become part of our development and are often carried out with out conscious awareness A Communication Pattern 1 Is both verbal and nonverbal 2 Is specific to the relationship within the system 3 Is reciprocal and interactive 4 Is often predictable 5 Contains both content and feeling messages 6 Defines relationships 7 May be changed by forces within the system 8 May stimulate changes in that system Three major factors contribute to the development of these family meanings 1 Family of origin


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FSU FAD 3271 - Chapter 11: COMMUNICATION

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