Ecological Contexts EXAM 3 Communication VIDEO LECTURE POWERPOINT Interactive Environment O E Communication Communication Symbolic transactional process that involves creating sharing meaning 1 All behavior is communicative A person CANNOT NOT be communicative 2 Communication is essential to continuing and building relationships 3 Message sent is not necessarily what is received Hearing vs listening Hearing is a passive process whereas Listening requires a person to actively think Communication takes place internally Externally 4 Family Communication is not random Humans use both verbal nonverbal Communication Social Media watched a video that basically shows that there is a fundamental shift in the way we communicate via social networks iphone etc Verbal vs Nonverbal Communication Which is easier In class there was an experiment where one student had to Verbally describe how to brush teeth to an alien and the other person had to Nonverbally communicate via hand gestures how to brush teeth to an alien In the end NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION WAS EASIER Verbal sounds words language speaking 2 kinds interpersonal student to student public speaking teacher to student in class Words influence 1 Emotions senses of recipients 2 Messages that are received VERBAL K I S Statements K I S means Keep It Simple Ex It s generally unwise to awaken a slumbering dog KIS Statement would be Let sleeping dogs lie Ex If your initial efforts are unsuccessful perseverance will lead to a satisfactory conclusion KIS Statement would be If you don t succeed then try and try again Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal physical ways of communication tone touch smell body motion Used to repeat or accent a verbal message Complement the verbal message In class there was a second experiment where students had to smile in different ways and convey other messages written on notecards through gestures The gestures includes Sit down No be quiet idk go away etc At the end she states that NONVERBAL MESSAGES ARE IMPORTANT The professor also stated that Communication is contextual where a person texting may be seen as rude for not paying attention but there may be something important that she is texting to someone or maybe it is an emergency situation Nonverbal Messages In the Environmental Context are Produced by Broad Settings Chronemics use of time pause or silence Monochronic people Do 1 thing at a time Countries include Canada U S Work and Personal Time Don t Overlap Time is Discrete Concentration on Job Time commitments are important Adheres to Plans Individualist Short term Relationships Polychronic people Do many things at once Countries Include Russia Saudi Arabia Time is Fluid Work Personal life overlap Longterm Relationships Easily interrupted by phone calls etc Collectivist U S is Monochronic Brought on by the Industrial Revolution people stamping their timecards for work Time across cultures Proxemics use and perception of Space Ex Territory secondary territory interaction space Cultural Differences General Appearance Dress Americans are obsessed with dress Bodily Movement emotional stature Posture ex Slouching legs crossed Facial Expressions women smile more than men Eye Contact Gaze prolonged gaze means sexual interest in Anglosaxon culture but general interest in others In some countries avoiding eye contact is a sign of respect Touch Smell Imporant in U S China bathes more than U S Arabics don t care as much Paralanguage vocal characteristics such as giggling emojis in text messages lol all are examples Gestures hand gestures ok symbol Thumbs up They can vary in meaning depending on culture or place Ex In U S hands on hips confidence openness In others it may symbolize arrogance In China nosepicking is seen in adults more than young people Reasons for Disliking Handshakes Handshakes may have shaky future Germs Hygiene 62 Awkward 15 Don t Like Touching 7 Grip Weak or Firm 5 Do Not Know Person 5 Sweaty Palms 4 Prefers Hugs 2 The Communicator Person who creates sends message Factors influencing message Gender Report men vs rapport talk women Report men no eye contact fewer pauses louder jokes included more interruptions Rapport women emotional more pauses attentiveness Appearance Posture Facial expressions Gestures Mannerisms Tone of voice Furnish our surroundings The Recipient The communicator must understand the receiver be aware of the context in which the receiver or audience will take in a message Family Communication Family of Origin phrases that mean things Family Communication Rules Explicit Implicit Rules explicit Don t talk about this Don t talk to strangers Don t pick up hitchhiers etc implicit Father and daughter can tease each other but daughter can t tease with mom Functions of Rules 1 What can be talked about 2 How can it be talked about 3 To whom it can be talked about Communication Patterns 1 Circle Chain Invisible Horizontal Chain Could change for example communication patterns between siblings Negotiable Rules Vertical Chain Non negotiable Rules Communication Patterns 2 Y Wheel Communication Patterns 3 Gap Network 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tier Communication Textbook Communication is to a relationship what breathing is to life Communication a symbolic transactional process that involves creating and sharing meaning The process of communicating and exchanging information is the key element in 1 maintaining the family system 2 fulfilling family functions 3 strengthening the family system to create a cohesive whole Assumptions of Communication 1 Family communication is not Random 2 Communication is Transactional two people exchange information It is also Dynamic continuous and ever changing 3 It is impossible to not communicate Non verbal messages are Stronger and are picked up more when there is conflict between Verbal and Nonverbal messages The relationship pattern is the focus of communication in such relationship patterns each individual 1 Creates and environment for communication 2 Filters information through the process of perceiving 3 Creates and interprets messages 4 Influences and is influenced by others Structural Elements of the communication process 1 Communicator person who creates and sends a message 2 Message units of info passed between communicator and recipient 3 Medium the way the message is presented to the recipient 4 Recipient receiver of the message Communication Patterns that influence family meanings have the following characteristics 1 Both Verbal and Non Verbal 2 Specific
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