Chapter 10 Internet President Dwight D Eisenhower develops ARPA MMC Study Guide Test 4 Advanced Research Projects Agency Internet was developed around the time of the Cold War The Soviet Union had just created the first satellite Sputnik in 1957 and The ARPA was created to help develop several technologies during the Cold War Era for the U S Department of Defense The ARPA was used to develop a variety of technologies during a time that technology was advancing all over the world at a rapid rate Information Processing Techniques Office IPTO was created to handle specific information technology discoveries Paul Baran American Engineer hired by the ARPA to create some sort of network incase of attack of the Soviet Union Up until that point they had only relied on telephones to communicate but they had premonitions that if the phone lines were to be destroyed by the enemy they wanted a way to send messages as a back up Internet first started out like the telegraph and the messages were called packets sent with headers Robert Bob Taylor Created Resource Sharing He was also the director of the ARPA s IPTO He met Douglas Engelbart there and funded his idea of the computer mouse He also recruited Larry Roberts from MIT s Lincoln laboratory when he was sent to Vietnam Lawrence Larry Roberts became the director of IPTO after Bob Taylor resigned Worked for ARPA until he left to work for a Telenet company and then later moving away from Internet with companies like DHL NetExpress and the ATM equipment company Robert Bob Metcalfe Most known for his creation the Ethernet He also was the found of 3Com and Metcalfe s law METCALFE S LAW Metcalfe s law states that the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of connected users of the system Tim Berners Lee British Computer technology scientist who worked at an international particle physics laboratory in Switzerland called CERN Creator of the World Wide Web WWW The World Wide Web is not a physical place or anything it is defined by the protocols that use it For example it uses Hypertext transfer protocols that transfer files words and many other types of information Internet developed by Academics Internet was very diverse and all about open access and sharing of information Overall Internet users say they use it for 91 use for Email 91 use it for search engines 84 uses it to get directions 81 use for checking the weather 74 say most of the time they don t even have a specific reason for using the Internet the just surf the web 65 use the internet to make book travel plans About 17 of all online minutes are spent on Social Networks Sites SNS 59 of all adults use SNS Facebook Launched in 2004 By 2012 it had 845 million users More than 1 3 of the worlds internet population More than 1 trillion page views per month Twitter Launched in 2006 More than 300 million users Twitter is important with social movements because it allows for the instant information of ongoing events Live feed from different News accounts or just live tweets from different users witnessing the events Lecture by TA David Montez on November 19th The Network Communities What type of communities can you be involved with Being involved on Social Networks Classmate said involved with Garnet Gold guide community FSU Community Many different types of different communities ICT s Information Communication Technology have redefined what we call a community You can be involved with communities ONLINE and OFFLINE In other words you don t have to consider all your communities through social networking platforms But Communities go back further than this Late 19th early 20th century saw lots of Urbanization Louis Wirth 1938 with Urbanization came new forms of community Communities use to be limited to the area where you lived Different people in the communities played different roles Wirth said Urban life allows people to specialize or compartmentalize their relationships by establishing them on a basis of one aspect of interest in life work relationships family leisure interest What is the role of ICT in these communities Network Individualism We are no longer bound by where we live the adoption of ICTs contribute to our social decoupling from space or location Relationships become increasingly specialized the people to which one is connected perform a specific instrumental role of function in ones life Types of Communities Communities of Transaction buying or selling of the use of information Communities of Interest want to interact about specific questions Communities of Fantasy Ideas of imagined worlds Communities of Relationship Intense personal experiences where you create a network of support Real life example of how an online community through Twitter Iran Election Twitter had been banned for Iranian citizens but it became a community of interest It was a live feed of gaining public opinion It became a Network map END OF TA LECTURE Internet WWW Trends New technology Utopia vs Dystopia Utopia Perfect society Dystopia Undesirable society Opposite of Utopia McLuhan s Global Village is the idea of Utopia with technology Brought together by shared experiences new technology prevents getting involved in another ones life The idea of all of our technologies such as mainly smartphones but sometimes tablets have become Wearable Computers Driving while talking on the phone is equivalent to driving under the influence DON T DO IT Global Village has become key for Virtual Democracy An example of this virtual democracy is the white house having a twitter account and the public is able to participate with live feeds in the news through social network with politics or other types of organizations instantly Issue with access digital design not everyone has access to computers or owns a smartphone or even owns a TV Different people look to different outlets to media to collect their news Elderly and Hispanic population are less likely to use the computer 1st amendment issues The press acts as a watch dog on the government Citizen Journalists Acts as the 4th estate Its when regular citizens are able to interact on social media platforms and express their opinion even though its not credible and not always truthful and usually bias Idea that getting news from the actual news source leads to credible and trustworthy news Citizen journalists are just individuals that express their opinion Real journalists are trained and study at Universities to become experts on
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