Internet Outline A Short History of the Internet 2 conflicting stories on how the internet started 1 Because of the cold war it was needed to communicate between the air force and the country 2 The decentralization version 1956 psychologist Joseph C R Licklider foresaw linked computers home computer consoles creating a country of citizens informed about interested in and involved in the process of the government Development of the Computer In mid 1880 s with the insights of Lady Ada Byron Lovelace Charles Babbage produced designs for computer that could conduct algebraic computations using stored memory and punch cards for input and output Colossus was the first electronic digital computer used by the British to break the Nazi codes Binary code digits 1 10 First full service electronic computer ENIAC based off the work of John V Atanasoff but was introduced by scientist John Mauchly and John Eckert of the Moore School of Electrical Engineering at the University of Pennsylvania in 1946 o Paul Baran devised a packet switching network the basis for the internet Commercial computer explosion was ignited by IBM Military Applications 1957 USSR lunch of Sputnik Earths first human constructed satellite 1962 ARPA commissioned Paul Baran to produce plan to enable military to maintain command over its missiles if a nuclear attack disabled communication Protocols common language of common letters o EX at the University of Oklahoma the protocol is proper English using correct grammar punctuation spelling and paragraphs The Personal Computer Developed by Bill Gates and the team of Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak IBM s and other companies mainframe and minicomputers employed terminals and these stations at which users worked were connected to larger centralized machines As a result the Internet at first was the province of the people who worked in those settings Gates and Paul Allen founded Microsoft Corporation and licensed their operating system 1977 Apple II a low cost easy to use microcomputer designed specifically for personal use and know for multimedia IMB contracted with Microsoft to use the Microsoft operating system in its IBM PC The Internet Today LANs Local Area Networks WANs Wide Area Networks ISPs Internet Service Providers ex Earthlink and Quest Using the Internet o Email Mailing Lists Instant messaging IM o Usenet bulletin boards o Voice Over Internet Protocol VoIP voice email ex Skype Vonage Many of these end up in court because telephone companies do not want to lose profit to these new ways to utilize the internet World Wide Web www uses hypertext transfer protocols HTTP to transport files from one place to another o The ease of accessing the Web is a function of a number of componets hosts URLS browsers search engines and homepages The internet connects a lot of computers globally the WWW is used to access internet The internet is a network of networks and its glbal the Web is a way of accessing information ofer the specific network The internet is the connections the WWW is how you can connect with it Hosts o URL o Domain names Changes in the Mass Communication Process The Double Edge of Technology technology is a double edged sword its power for good and bad resides in us o Global village Marshall McLuhans idea that new communication technologies will permit people to become involved in one anothers lives o The same technologies can be used to dehumanize and standardize the people who live in it o McLuhans believed that media do not bring the world to us but rather permit us to experience the world with a scope and depth otherwise impossible Reconceptualizing Life in an Interconnected World Controlling Internet Expression the internet makes freedom of expression a reality for anyone linked to it o Child Pornography Act of 1996 forbade online transmission of any image that appears to be of a minor engaging in sexually explicit conduct o Solution seems to be technology o Children s Internet Protection Act in 2000 Federal appeals court ruled in 2002 that this requirement changes the nature of schools and libraries Copyright Intellectual Property Ownership o 1998 Digital Millenium Copyright Act states that fair use applies to o 1986 Electronic Communication Privacy Act guarantees the privacy the internet Privacy of email Encryption Dataveillance Virtual Democracy internet is characterized by self goverance o Technology Gap o Digital Divide places where they can not afford the current technology used vs places that can provide computers and other technologies o Information Gap The Five Internet Freedoms 1 Access content 2 Use applications 3 Attach personal devices 4 Obtain service plan information MMC 2000 Final Exam Study Guide INTERNET vocab Digital Computer a computer that processes data reduced to a binary code Binary Code information transferred into a series of digits 1 and 0 for storage and manipulation in computers Protocols common communication rules and language for computers linked to the internet Hosts computers linking individual personal computer users to the internet Mainframe a large central computer to which users are connected by terminals Minicomputers a relatively large central computer to which users are connected by terminals not as large as mainframe Terminals user workstations that are connected to larger centralized computers Personal Microcomputers PC s a very small computer that uses a microprocessor to handle information WANs network that connects several LANs in different locations Operating System the software that tells the computer how to work Multimedia advanced sound and image capabilities for microcomputers ISPs Internet Service Providers E mail function on internet allowing communication via computer with anyone else online anyplace in the world with no long distance fees Spam unsolicited commercial e mail Instant Messaging real time email allowing two or more people to communicate instantaneously and in immediate response to one another VoIP Voice Over Internet Protocol phone calls transferred in digital packets over the internet rather than on circuit switched telephone wires World Wide Web a tool that serves as a means of accessing files on computers connected via the Internet URL Uniform Resource Locator the designation of each file or directory on the host computer connected to the internet Domain Names on the World Wide Web an identifying name rather than a sites formal URL that gives some indication of the nature of a sites content and
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