Page 1 of 6 MMC2000 Proffitt Summer 2011 Exam 2 Study Guide Textbook Chapter 7 Radio Recording and Popular Music Review the history of radio and sound recording be able to explain the significance of the events discussed under Early Radio Early Sound Recording The Coming of Broadcasting The Coming of Regulation Advertising and the Networks and the effects of television s arrival Guglielmo Marconi Father of Radio First to send signals through the air o o His designs allowed him to send receive telegraph code over distances as great as 2 miles o o Successfully transmitted across the English Channel and Atlantic Saw radio as a device for communication Reginald Fessenden the Liquid Barretter o o The first audio device permitting reception of wireless voices 1906 first public broadcast of voice and music Lee DeForest Audion tube A vacuum that improved and amplified wireless signals o o He saw radio as means of broadcasting Thomas Edison patented talking machine o o o A device for replicating sound that used a hand cracked grooved cylinder and a needle Edison has tinfoil that he wrapped around device Could speak into this tube stylus depended on tinfoil stylus that edge vibration and then playback Edison s first recording marry had a little lam Told this editor to record it pretty voice Phonograph was marketed as a business dictating device Problem was tinfoil was too difficult for office to operate and no one wanted it Fail 1880 3 years after it was finalized phonograph was a mere toy with no commercial value aka he had no idea what the phonograph what it was capable Problems only one recording and cylinder could not be duplicated Limited business Colombia phonograph found phonograph was more successful as a coin operating phone machine o o o Used for entertainment at fairs For a penny to listen to music it worked very well o Emile Berliner he modified the phonograph the gramophone o o o o o used zinc discs edison then switches to zinc Berliner s pros his discs made relatively easy to make copies in almost unlimited numbers Much cheaper than edisons made affordable to americans Average worker 6 a week Berliners cons his playback was not as good as Edison s quality more likely to skip and crack and effort egg beater Berliner was the first to scout for starts Prior to Berliner hardware was developed first software was an afterthought used to demonstrate the machine But once we think about entertainment it was opposite David Sarnoff Radio Music Box Memo o He told his superiors that there needed to be a wireless form of music o RCA s manager Radio Corporation of America RCA included Marconi General Electric American Telephone Telegraph and Westinghouse KDKA pittsburg was the first licensed commercial radio broadcast Wireless ship act 1910 all ships carrying 50 passengers have a working wireless and operator Radio Act of 1912 strengthen rules regarding shipboard wireless and wireless operators be licensed by the Secretary of Commerce and Labor Radio Act of 1927 o o Authorized broadcasters to use the channels but to never own them regulation in place Trustee Model 2 principals Broadcast spectrum space is limited only let so many people to use it Broadcasting has the ability to reach virtually everybody o If you re broadcasting something in the radio you will have much more influence rather than talking in the street corners Page 2 of 6 1920 FRadioC was established o Oversea and establish laws concerning the use of airways and to watch the act o Radio waves belong to public till this day NBC first radio network Communications act of 1934 replaced FCC for FRC Television made radio advertising income drop 35 million and 0 of U S homes had tvs Explain the scope and nature of the radio industry Radio is classified as commercial noncommercial FM and AM FM Edward Armstrong frequency modulation radio is wider and allowed broadcast of stereo but also a better fidelity to the original sound than the narrower AM amplitude modulation Radio is local local advertisers can afford radio easily fragmented many stations serving many areas specialized specific audience to specific advertisers playlists predetermined personal listen to radio alone mobile Explain the business of radio particularly why advertisers like radio and issues involving deregulation and ownership Because of deregulation there are no national ownerships and one person or company can own as many as 8 stations in one market Deregulation has allowed concentration of ownership of radio into the hands of a relatively small number of companies Explain the scope and nature of the recording industry particularly the concerns criticisms of concentration conglomeration and internationalization hint criticisms are italicized Four major recording companies control 90 of the recorded music market in the U S Cultural homogenization the troublesome outcome of virtually all the world s influential recording being controlled by a few profit oriented giants o Hannah Montana Justin Bieber Dominance of profit over artistry when a major label must spend millions to sign a bankable group Promotions overshadow the music if groups don t come across well on tv or are a challenge to promote they aren t signed Explain the relationships among rock n roll radio and race relations the major record companies instead of signing already black artists they would have their white artists cover the black hits Sam Philips founder of independent record sun records recorder o Elvis Presley white guy to sounded African American racially covering music to ease tension to a white home who wanted to listen to african americans Alan freed moondog a dj who would play r r a risk taker radio R B and r r didn t end racism But it made it possible for Americans to free themselves from racism s ugly hold Explain the 6 different ideas for reshaping the relationship between the recording industry musical artists and fans The 360 deal every aspect of the artist s careers recording merchandising touring is handled by the label Gives musicians the least artistic freedom but the greatest guarantee of success The label guarantees the recording manufacturing distribution and promotion of the artist s music the label owns the copyright to the music and artists earn their of profits only after the recording manufacturing Costs have been recovered by the label a Artists will earn 1 60 on a 15 99 CD and 1 40 on a 9 99 album download The license deal same as but artists retain copyright to their
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