Chapter 10 The Iberian Peninsula Geographic Overview Spain and Portugal o Cut off from the rest of Europe because of the Pyrenees Mountain Range WWI and II Isolation Allows them to be neutral during wars especially o Invasions by Germany Rome and Moors o A lot of spices especially Moroccan o When the Moors invaded they became Islamic Then a big push for Catholicism with Franz Still the main religion Ferdinand Agriculture and Spain The Atlantic ocean washes the western shores of Portugal Meseta in the center of Spain it is a high central plain Olive groves thrive in Spain Big olive oil industry Good wheat production and some rice o But they must irrigate for their rice and it is not an Madeira Wine sweet fruity wines produced on Madeira a export it is made for the country only Portuguese island in the North Atlantic Ocean History and Culture Foreign influences o Moors Islamic invaders from North Africa morocco o El Cid Military fighter Fought both for the Spaniards and for the Moors When he finished his reign Isabella and Ferdinand Best known for freeing Valencia sailboats from the 15th century used to go to the took over and became a Catholic country Exploring and Colonizing Caravels Northern Africa Very fast o Book definition Sturdy vessels with lateen sails triangular sails extended on a spar and flying from a rather low mast Magellan Portuguese leader who Prince Henry the Navigator Portuguese navigator who led the first sponsored voyages of exploration aboard caravels to very distant places circumnavigation of the world from 1519 to 1522 but died in the Philippines during the trip Portuguese navigator who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope southern tip of Africa in 1488 Portuguese navigator who opened the trade routes to India in 1498 and 1502 Mexico in the 16th century the 16th century and established Spanish dominance here Bartholomew Diaz Vasco De Gama Cortes Pizzaro Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in Peru in Spanish Explorer in central America particularly o All brought back culture and foods with them Spain lost most of its power after the Armada was defeated when it attacked England in 1588 After this Spain was seen as a pawn for much of the 17th and 18th centuries and lost control of Portugal and many of its other colonies after 1668 The Inquisition time when Spain required non Catholics to convert or leave the country torture was sometimes part of the imprisonment process in Spain Peru and Portugal Ferdinand and Isabella forced people even in South American countries to comply with Catholicism or suffer their torture Was cause for them to lose many bright and creative civilians resulting in a lack of intelligence in their society Jews forced to leave the country endure torture or convert to Catholicism Moors Islamic Moroccan Spain Castilian Portugal Portuguese Languages Religion The dominant religion is still Catholicism in both Spain and Portugal The only remnants of the Moors are their mosques throughout Spain and Portugal The Arts Artists The most amazing of these is in Cordoba it is a Mosque built in 758CE that has been modified several times and eventually had a Cathedral built within it o Velasquez painter o Murillo painter o El Greco painter born in Crete but painted in Spain for most of his life after he moved there in his 30 s o Goya painted during late 18th and 19th century o Picasso 20th century but did most of his work in France o Miro 20th century but did most of his work in France o Cali 20th century but did most of his work in France o Gaudi Architect most known for his incomplete due to civil unrest in Spain due to civil unrest in due to civil unrest in Cathedral of the Holy Family in Barcelona Music sung to guitar accompaniment Dance Holidays o Flamenco o Christmas and Easter o Many local celebrations are held to honor the saints distinctive Portuguese musical form of the blues said to have come from the gypsy s 1500 s o Fado with parades and elaborate floats Bullfighting is a big tradition in both Spain and Portugal and also the Bull run in Pamplona Literature Cervantes goodness Portugal o Don Quixote portrayal of human dignity and innate Simple Breakfast cup of coffee with milk or hot chocolate and bread with jam Spain fish o Milk it typically consumed in coffee or hot chocolate at this time and in the form of cheese at lunch and dinner it is not considered a beverage to be had by itself there is hearty food Hearty lunch and Dinner quite simple meals even though o Pork and fish substantial cod is the most important o Peppers and onions o Tomatoes and potatoes o Milk is part of the meal not a beverage like in cheese Bachalhau salted dried cod combined with greens veggies Chorizo sausage flavored with paprika and chilies that may Flan baked custard dessert usually containing caramel in and seasonings be seasoned to be picante hot or dulce sweet both Spain and Portugal More elaborate Churro fried quick bread similar to a doughnut but extruded into a fluted thick stick before frying Was introduced to the Caribbean and Latin America and is still popular Paella mixture of seafood and meats saffron rice yellow but very expensive and vegetables Cocido stew consisting of 3 traditional parts soup cooked veggies and boiled meats with specific ingredients varying Saffron orange to yellow spice the sigma of purple crocus adds color and flavor to dishes Tapas small plate of tidbits of food designed for nibbling while having a drink in the late afternoon or early evening Sangria red wine blended with fruit juices a part of every meal in Spain except breakfast Gazpacho chilled soup traditional in Spain made with many chopped veggies plus beef or chicken stock red wine vinegar and olive oil with a tomato base Biscay some are seeking independence from Spain Basques live in the Pyrenees Mountains near the bay of sheep products sheep cheese their known for good food o Basque foods o Marmitako stew made with tuna and potatoes o Porrusalda soup that has leeks and potatoes o Bascalado al Pil Pil dish made with salt cod served in garlic sauce Chapter 11 Greece Turkey and the Levant The Levant refers to the rising sun in the East in French Geographic Overview Greece physically part of Europe but is separated due to the mountains Turkey Istanbul was Byzantium then Constantinople All one city but divided by the waters of the Sea of Marmara which connect the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea o Bosporus Istanbul and also Europe from Asia Narrow Channel that divides the
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