Chapter 7 Radio contd Facts to Know US Customers buy 1 3 of all music sales Physical Media sales are down but paid digital download are up read about 2008 32 of music sales were rock music 12 country 11 Hip Hop this below 90 of the US music market is concentrated in Four companies BMG Warner Universal and EMI 60 of Worldwide of sales come from two companies A brief history of music development namely the birth of music piracy 1987 Dieter Seitzer developed the MP3 file which was a digital more compressed version of the standard audio file This also gave birth to piracy which is the illegal recording and sales of copyrighted material The MP3 made it easy for music files to be uploaded and shared on the Internet The MP3 was like the black plaque to the music industry It destroyed sales People were sharing music files all over the world through the use of P2P and Bit torrent clients making it easy to make their own CDs and access music via their iPods Obviously CD sales dropped and have yet to recover and probably never will Since 2000 CD sales have dropped 52 This resulted in many music stores being closed down The big market industries such as Wal Mart and Target took over the remanding sales of CD s and now are responsible for 65 of physical music sales The music industry tried to overcome this by making pre approved downloading sites but it didn t work The only thing that really helped slow down the growth of illegal download was the development of iTunes which offered a cheap responsible way to access music for people willing to pay for it However digital download does not make up for the decline in physical sales Convergence Convergence is the combination of new technologies being used to improve an old medium In this section we talk about the new improvements to the radio and music industry focusing on the most important Satellite has made radio much cheaper to broadcast and has also helped to improve variety We can now listen to a multitude of different radio stations with reduced commercials We have the joy of hearing new songs and artists that we could have previously missed out on from listening to mainstream radio The Mobile Phone has also helped the growth of the music industry with people downloading new ringtones to the mobile devices the music industry makes an additional 10 billion globally They also make another 800 million a year from downloads of full tracks to mobile phones Digital Recording is the move from analog waves to computer language Think of it this way instead of playing a guitar and recording the sound people now make guitar sounds using computer programs The sound is record in terms of 0 s and 1 s like binary code The Internet is making the process of being an artist a lot easier Instead of having to go to companies to promote their music many artists are finding success in self promotion via the Internet using YouTube Soundcould and MySpace to get recognition There are also music streaming sites such as Pandora and Spotify that s offers music for free listening Other forms of convergence include Web Radio Podcasting DMX DARS and Streaming Definitions of green words can be found at the end of the study guide Conglomeration Because the music industry is so concentrated it s hard to rely on them to find new and different artist Many argue that profit is put over talent which can be agreed upon giving that the Top 50 hits always sounds like the last Top 50 hits With technology you don t really need the voice and writers are hired to product hits you just need the look and the ability to be molded into the perfect superstar This results in the production of a homogenous culture which cookie cutter interests and likes Chapter 8 Television Facts to know The first TV s were 200 for 5 inches and 600 for 12 inches In the 1950 s more TV s were sold then babies were born A new form of birth control The average US House hold has 2 9 TVs and 2 7 people About 98 2 of all US House Holds have a TV The TV is on about 8 hours 21 min of TV per day The average American watches 4 hours 49 min per day 71 say its leading source of national international news 64 say its leading source for local news 70 Billion in total ad sales about 60 or 42 billion on broadcast TV About 40 of all ad spending in US is on TV The average cost for 30 sec cable spot is about 54 000 on ESPN about 24 000 on TBS Average 30 Sec Super bowl Spot cost about 3 8 mil The number of American consumers who see TV as the most influential ad medium 79 most persuasive 70 and most exciting 78 Most watched show of all time was the XLVI Super bowl with 111 3 Mil the Giants vs Patriots 2 5 12 95 US TV occurs in real time 20 of viewing in US HH with a DVR is playback 20 of Internet users report watching video daily 45 watch all ads on DVR first run syndicated show Wheel of Fortune 7 6 avg re run syndicated show Big Bang Theory 7 3 avg History of Television 1884 Paul Nipkow invented the Nipkow disc He was the first to develop a scanning system that could transmit picture 1923 Valdmir Zowrykin invented the first television tube called the iconoscope later the kinescope which was a more improved version 1925 1928 John Logie Bard was able to make a machine that could transfer movable images using a mechanical disc In 1928 he sent the first picture from London to New York 1927 Philo Farnsworth A boy genius had developed ideas about how to create an electronic television system He engaged in a patent battle with Zoworykin but in 1939 RCA who Zworkykin worked for figured out an agreement to pay Farnsworth royalties 1939 The first true public demonstration of television at the New York World Fair 1941 The FCC granted the construction permits to the first two commercial TV stations Pause life for war War World II Resume life after war 1948 John Walson started Cable TV or CATV Community antenna television He wanted to increase sells in his TV shop so he ran a cable from the TV tower to his store He then began installing cable into the homes of his costumers He discovered that the use of coaxial cable wires made for better and stronger signals 1952 There were 108 stations being broadcasted to 17 million televisions 10 years later there were 559 stations and nearly 90 of U S Households had television By the 1960 s the technical standards were fixed and stations had increased and we saw the beginning of advertisements 1962 The Public Broadcasting Act was passed to unite the education stations all onto one important network
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