Page 1 of 12 MMC2000 Proffitt Summer 2011 Exam 3 Study Guide History of the Internet Origin of the Computer Chapter 10 The Internet and the World Wide Web Charles Babbage and Lovelace 1880 s steam computer Mathematical equations using memory and punch in outs Colossus created by British to break German secret code was 1st electronic digital computer Reduced info to binary code digits 1 and 0 ENIAC 1st full service electronic computer 1946 Based on John Atanasoff introduced by John Mauchly and john Eckert U of Penn Very large 18 ft tall 80 ft long Sold to Remington Rand Co in 1950 UNIVAC Remington 1st successful commercial computer Census Bureau IBM helped businesses use computers by selling to them instead of renting IBM and the 7 dwarfs IBM selling to most successful companies RCA GE NCR etc Military Applications Baran was commissioned to ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency to produce plan to enabling US military to maintain command over its missiles and planes if nuclear attack knocked out conventional means of communication Common communication rules protocols Destinations or delivery instructions embedded in info sent enabling detours if a computer network became unavailable ARPAnet 1969 UCLA Stanfod U of CA Santa Barbera U of UT Email 1972 Tomlinson gave us Hosts computers linking individual computers to the internet Global Village idea that the new communication technologies would permit people to become increasingly involved in one another s lives Allows for exchange of ideas McLuhan s Global Village Cyberdemocracy direct access to politicians foster a public gov t debate via electronic town hall meetings and e voting Lee Rainy not so much dying as shifting Current Social Economic Issues Internet and Freedom of expression Setting a greater number of 1st amendment users v boundries of control Anonymity provides for real opinions Freedom of Press to Whom Every user becomes a mass communicator and every publisher is equal Self organizing movements and demonstrations Flash Smart mobs MoveOn Weblogs comments Payment for good promotion in blogs Controlling Internet Expression Pornography on the WWW Smear Forward lies loose on the internet Proctor gambles cleaners killed pets Starbuscks story of refusing to provide a Marine coffee Computer Security specialists at U S Dept of Energy maintain website designed to track and debunk online information hoaxbusters ciac org Page 2 of 12 Child Pornography Prevention Act of 1996 forbids online transmission of minor engaging in explicit conduct Seen as unnecessary and intrusion on freedom of expression b c child porn laws already existed Supreme Court took law off but were concerned with what kids were stumbling upon online Filters on the web for children Can filter by words and can lead to unsafe and taking away from freedoms Ex Teenage girl looking for birth control or religion can be filtered out and no info Child Online Protection Act passed in 2000 required lib and schools to filter content 1998 Act was rejected in 2004 which would have fined web sites 50k a day if ppl younger Copyright intellectual property ownership than 17 had access Hard to police copiers b c internet is not tangible Digital Millenium Copyright Act 1998 primary goal is to bring US cpyright law into compliance w that of the World Intellectual Property Organization and do the following Crime to circumvent antipiracy measures built into commercial software Outlaws manuf sale or distr Of code breaking devices used to illegally copy software Permits breaking of copyright protection devices to conduct encryption research and test computer security systems Provides copyright exemptions for nonprofit libraries archives educational institutions Limits copyright infringement liability of internet providers but ISP required to remove material from user s website that appear to constitute infringement Requires webcasters to pay licensing fees to record companies States that fair use applies to internet Est 7 3 million new pages added to the web daily How long until medium reached 30 of US Public Phone 38 yrs Electricity 46 yrs Worldwide Internet Commerce is expected to exceed 8 75 trillion in 09 Internet Most User Stats Asia Europe US Privacy Jobs and schools try to look into social networks etc 1st Amendment Issues Encryption controversial TV 17 yrs Internet 7yrs Electronic coding of info that can be deciphered only by recipient with key Invitation for mob drugs terrorists to threaten nat l security There must be a 3rd party with a copy of codes gov t can access w court order Authorized Interception employer s rights to intercept and read employee s email Protecting Privacy of Personal Info Datavailance massive collection and distillation of consumer data Info given to one entity can easily and cheaply be distributed to many 1974 Federal Privacy Act restrict gov t ability to collect distribute info about citizens Opt in security provided by asking consumer permission before Opt out provide security only if consumer requests Click stream websites and choices we make on them are tracked by cookies code added to computer s hard drive by website Spyware identifies cokkies Radio Frequency Identification RFID chip microchip in consumer s products that transmit radio signal Retailer advantage greater inventory control lower labor costs Augmented Reality AR permits user to point phone at person location or scene and be Page 3 of 12 linked to info about it demand access Cloud Computing storage of computer data on offsite 3rd party environments offering on Virtual Democracy asset to making political decisions Technology gap widening disparity btwn communication technology haves and havenots Digital divide lack of technology access among poor colored and rural neighborhoods Only of US uses internet Issues of Digital Divide Not online rural areas and low economic classes Broadband vs Dial up Knowledge of usage 25 of households have no access Information Gap those without requisite technology will have diminished access to the info it makes available or suffering from technologically imposed censorship Information Knowledge and Understanding Advocates of cyberdemocracy see internet as direct access to politicians Political alienation is product of politicians listening too much to loudest voices and being too responsive to the polls Antidemocratic so much segmentation and divide that if president were to make announcement not everyone would tune in No longer having to coexist within
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