Chapter 5 Perceiving 02 19 2013 Intro Individuals and family systems receive info through four processes 1 perceiving 2 spacing 3 valuing and 4 deciding These are important because it is through modifications and changes of these that individuals and families adapt to their environment Perceiving A fundamental process of gathering information Individual s and family s info about the world comes from perceiving Perception the process of meaningfully organizing sensations or the process of how we assemble sensations into a usable picture As we perceive events the brain selects organizes and integrates or model of the world sensory information AUTOMATIC processes that we are rarely aware of Perceiving is an active process of interpreting and giving meaning to the environment A perception contains a feeling and a real wonder for life For a person to describe a state of nature perception MUST take A low level of info reception in humans is percept the physical receipt of information about a state or situation that is occurring Visual perceptions ex involve the sensing of light and dark images place by the eye Meaning emerges as info passes through our filter systems Your physical state is based on a sensory stem sight hearing touch taste and smell are the first set of filters o We have lenses through which we view the world o This filtering process involves 1 physical 2 social and 3 o Our filtering system reflects our past experiences and current individual factors situations These perceptions become the meanings beliefs and values that influence individual and family actions and decision making What is Perceiving Physical Factors Perceiving is a process o Info or input from the environment is received through the body s physical sensory mechanisms o The input forms an image and is interpreted for understanding o This is a mode of intellectual functioning that consists of two basic processes 1 organization and 2 adaptation 1 organization the underlying systematic pattern of relationships that characterize the human mind makes it possible for the mind to interpret and process the input it receives 2 Adaptation the external process that is possible because of the underlying organization Adapts in two ways 1 assimilation and 2 accommodation 1 Assimilation the process where the mind receives an information input from the environment There is existing knowledge of the info an already familiar pattern exists It is KNOWN The person takes in info and can identify and place it in an existing category 2 Accomodation the complementary process when the environment influences the person and prompts the mind to change its internal functioning in terms of the external world One sees something that does NOT fit into an existing category Creates a NEW category Ex kid sees an animal that resembles a dog but it s not a dog Makes a new CAT category These two processes are related to each other as the mind seeks to keep things in balance and growth quantitative change and development qualitative change proceed through equilibrium disequilibrium equilibrium disequil ibrium Social Factors Our perceptions are also filtered through the social system or how we use language the accepted way of seeing and describing things We share common meanings for symbols o Ex cultural background language geographic area customs beliefs and attitudes The way we speak limits and influences the meanings we can establish o Ex eskimos have 20 words for snow so they have MANY more ways of perceiving describing and talking about snow than others who have one word to describe snow Influence a person s meanings and interpretation processes Refer to representations and interpretations we create for our meanings based on our OWN personal history o Ex some people view world as three dimensional while others see it flat o EVERYONE HAS A UNIQUE WAY OF VIEWING WORLD Individual Factors The Process of Perception occurs Perception is influenced by the environment in which an event Person both receives and acts on the stimulus Through their own understanding of perceptions people create an internal map or picture of the world Cognitive mental maps images about an area or environment developed by an individual on the basis of information or impressions which the individual receives interprets codes and stores o Pictures in our mind o We use these in organizing our daily activities like selecting destinations and the sequence in which they will be visited deciding on routes of travel recognizing where we are in relation to where we want to be o Include the emotional meaning of the setting Feeling and thinking o Ciompi s formulation says the mind is an ordered complex of affective and logical relational structures The internalized patterns of thought feeling and behavior with inseparable cognitive thinking and affective feeling components Perception is different for those hearing or vision impaired Age is important as well o Younger kids may draw their house and two neighbors when asked to draw neighborhood o 10 year old may draw the hood as the square block and surrounding area placing the home and surrounding houses Learning o Without exposure to new experiences individuals have little opportunity to expand their perceptions or learn and develop skills to adapt to new situations o People show declining ability to solve problems when this happens Personality o Behavior is highly influenced by whether people see themselves as adequate in a situation o Previous experiences of success and acceptance help develop a positive self perception while rejection failure contribute to negative self perception Field independent people are highly sensitive to stimuli from their own bodies irrespective of outside environmental stimuli o Pereceive themselves as highly differentiated from their environment and tend to remain independent of it o Relatively unaffected by authority and are guided by their own needs and values 1 Proximity 2 Similarity different 3 Continuity expected 5 Contiguity Field dependent persons are very sensitive to the environment and rely on others for guidance Internally directed people perceive themselves as being able to Externally directed people often believe fate has preordained what control a situation o Active in change will happen o Inactive in change Characteristics that organize the formation of a perception o Ex students sitting together in a class are perceived as members enrolled in the class o Ex All dogs are classified
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