Active transport Anaphase Calvin Cycle Cell membrane Cell wall requires energy when a cell moves water against the concentration difference the centromeres that join the sister chromatids split and the sister chromatids become individual chromosomes Takes place in the chloroplasts does not require light Plants use energy of ATP and NADPH to produce high energy sugars thin flexible membrane that regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides protection and support strong supporting layer around the membrane provides support and protection chlorophyll the main pigment in plants Chloroplasts Cyclins Cytokinesis Cytolysis Organelles that capture energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy A group of proteins that regulate the timing of the cell cycle in eukaryotes Occurs at the same time as telophase the cytoplasm is pinched into two nearly equal parts When a cell bursts because too much water is entering the cell due to the fact that the water on the outside is more concentrated than the inside Cytoskeleton Diffusion Electron Transport Endoplasmic reticulum Equilibrium Network of protein filaments that helps to maintain the cell s shape found in Eukaryotes A process in which particles move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated THird stage of cellular respiration uses the high energy electrons from the Krebs Cycle to convert ADP into ATP Where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell When the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution Facilitated diffusion does not require energy Fermentation G1 phase G2 phase Glycolysis Occurs when oxygen is not present releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP Cells increase in size and make new proteins and organelles Many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half producing two molecules of pyruvic acid a three carbon compound results in the gain of two ATP molecules Golgi Apparatus Modifies sorts and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage or secretion Grana stacks of thylakoids Hypertonic contains a greater concentration of impermeable solutes than the solution on the other side of the membrane Isotonic contain equal concentrations of impermeable solutes on either side of the membrane Krebs Cycle Second stage of cellular respiration in Eukaryotes takes place in the mitochondria Pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy extracting reactions Also known as citric acid cycle Lactic Acid Fermentation occurs in your muscles during rapid exercise Light dependent reactions Metaphase take place within the thylakoid membranes and require light use energy from light to produce oxygen gas and convert ADP and NADP into the energy carriers ATP and NADPH chromosomes line up across the center of the cell Mitochondria Organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use Osmosis The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane pigments light absorbing molecules in plants Plasmolysis Prophase Ribosomes When a cell shrinks because the water inside is more concentrated than on the outside The chromosomes condense and become visible The centrioles separate and take up positions on opposite sides of the nucleus mall particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm where proteins are assembled S phase Replication of chromosomes occurs Smooth ER Telophase Does not contain ribosomes and is involved in making lipids THe chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell and lose their distinct shape Two nuclear envelopes form Thylakoids saclike photosynthetic membranes Visible spectrum Wavelengths of sunlight you can see
View Full Document
Unlocking...