Study Guide Chapter 1 Answer each question in complete sentences The more detailed you are the better you can study later so be thorough 1 What is Biology The study of life 2 List and describe the 7 characteristics of life Order evolutionary adaption respond to stimuli regulation energy processing growth and development reproduction 3 What are the different levels of biological organization Biosphere ecosystem communities populations organisms organs and organ systems cells organelles atoms molecules 4 The study of life can be divided into different levels of biological organization a Reductionism zooming in reduces complex systems to simpler components that are more manageable to study b Emergent Properties zooming out new properties that arise due to arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases 5 What is the lowest level of organization that can perform all activities required for life Molecules 6 What is feedback regulation 7 What is the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning a Inductive Reasoning draws conclusions via large number of specific observations i Repeated specific observations can lead to important generalizations ii Helps us come up with the hypothesis b Deductive Reasoning is used to test the idea or hypothesis i Can we use a generalization and get a specific outcome 8 What is a hypothesis and what are the characteristics of a hypothesis a Hypothesis a proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon i Can be supported or falsified ii Must be testable iii It is a statement not a question iv Experiments require a control 9 How is a scientific theory different than a scientific hypothesis a Theory broader than a hypothesis and is supported by a large body of evidence 10 What is taxonomy a The branch of biology that names and classifies species into groups of increasing breadth 11 What are the three domains of life a Archea bacteria and eukarya i Which domains encompass eukaryotes and which encompass prokaryotes 1 Archea and Bacteria encompass Prokaryotes 2 Eukarya encompasses Eukaryotes 12 Darwin s book On the Origins of Species articulated two main points What are these points a Species showed evidence of descent with modification from common ancestors b Natural selection is the mechanism behind descent with modification i Individuals that are best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce ii Over time more individuals in a population will have the advantageous traits 13 What is inquiry a The search for information and explanation 14 What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data a Qualitative descriptions qualities b Quantitative s 15 What is the process of science Describe each step a The scientific processi Making observations ii Asking questions iii Forming logical hypotheses iv Testing them 16 Define the following terms control independent variable and dependent variable a Independent variable the variable being changed to test the effects on the dependent variable b Dependent variable the variable being tested or measured c Control stays the same
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