Rebecca Davenport BIO 1406 BW1 9 13 16 Chapter 3 blueprint 1 WATER a POLAR b The four properties of water are attributed to what characteristic of water i Cohesive behavior Collectively hydrogen bonds hold water molecules together 1 Surface tension a measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid 2 Adhesion an attraction betweeen different substances ii Ability to moderate temperature iii Expansion upon freezing iv Versatility as a solvent c 3 states of water i ii Solid1 Water is less dense as a solid 2 Ice floats in liquid water because hydrogen bonds in ice are more ordered making ice less dense iii Liquid iv Gas1 Evaporation liquid to gas 2 Heat of Vaporization the heat of a liquid must absorb 1 g to be converted to gas 3 Evaporative cooling of water helps stabilize temperatures in organism and bodies of water d Specific Heat the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree Celsius i Calorie amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 C ii Creation of bonds heat released iii Destruction of bonds heat absorbed e Hydrophilic substance is one that has an affinity for water i Ionic and polar substances f Hydrophobic substance is one that does not have an affinity for water i Nonpolar substances g Hydration shell a sphere of water molecules that surround each ion when an ionic compound is dissolved in water h Form hydrogen bonds easily i Solutions a liquid that is a homogeneous mixture of substances i Solvent disolving agent ii Solute substance being dissolved iii EX salt dissolving in water 1 Solute salt 2 Solvent water iv Aqueous solution a solution in which water is the solvent 2 pH Scale measure of hydrogen ion concentration a pH log H b Ranges from 0 14 c Buffers weak acids or bases that resist a change in pH d Acids increase H concentration i pH 7 e Bases decrease the H concentration i pH 7 ii usually weak acid base pair f In any aqueous solution at 25 C i H OH 10 14 ii Neutral pH H 10 7 and OH 10 7 iii
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