Psych 100 1st Edition Lecture 23Outline of Last Lecture I. Contemporary research on personalitya. The trait perspectivei. Personality: An individual’s unique constellation of durable dispositions and consistent ways of behaving (traits)1. Honest2. Dependable3. Moody4. Impulsiveb. The social-cognitive perspectivec. Exploring the selfII. Exploring traitsIII. Minnesota multiphasic personality inventoryIV. The big five factors (view chart)a. Conscientiousnessb. Agreeablenessc. Neuroticismd. Opennesse. ExtraversionV. The person-situation controversya. Trait: relatively permanent personality characteristicb. State: temporary change in one’s personalityVI. Social-cognitive perspectivea. Reciprocal determinism (Albert Bandura)VII. Personal controli. External locus of control ii. Internal locus of control b. Learned helplessness: the passive resignation an organism learns when unable toavoid repeated aversive eventsVIII. Evaluating social-cognitive perspectivea. Strengthsb. WeaknessIX. Exploring the selfa. Self: the organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actionsChapter 14 Psychological DisordersThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. Perspectives on psychological disordersa. William James (1842-1910)II. Defining psychological disordersIII. Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctionalIV. Understanding psychological disordersa. Trephination: drilling holes in skull to remove evil forcesb. Exorcismc. Caged like animalsd. Beatene. Burnedf. Castratedg. MutilatedV. The medical modela. Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)i. Etiology (cause and development of disorder)ii. Diagnosisiii. Treatmentiv. Prognosis (providing some type of future)VI. Classifying psychological disordersVII. The Diagnostic and statistical manualVIII. Goals of DSMIX. Experiencing psychology: Understanding normal and abnormal behaviorX. Labeling psychological disordersa. Treat people who have disorders and have committed crimesXI. Anxiety disordersa. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)b. Panic disorderc. Phobiasd. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) e. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)f. Explaining anxiety disordersXII. Generalized anxiety disordera. SymptomsXIII. Panic disordera. SymptomsXIV. Phobiasa. Types:i. Agoraphobiaii. Acrophobiaiii. Claustrophobiaiv. HomophobiaXV. OCD (chart)XVI. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)i. Haunting memoriesii. Constantly on guardiii. Nightmaresiv. Social withdrawalv. Jumpy vi. Sleep problems XVII. Resilience to PTSDXVIII. Explaining anxiety disordersXIX. The learning perspectiveXX. The biological perspectiveOutline of Current Lecture cont. ch.14 then ch.13I. Dissociative disordersi. Symptoms: II. Dissociative Identity DisorderIII. DID criticsa. ArgumentsChapter 13 Mood disordersI. Major depressive disorderII. Bipolar disorderIII. Major depressive disorder a. SignsIV. Bipolar disordera. Depressive symptomsb. Manic symptomsc. Bipolar one or Bipolar two V. Schizophrenia a. Symptomsi. Positive symptomsii. Negative symptomsb. You can have varies delusions c. (Inappropriate affect) (Flat affect)d. (Catatonia)VI. Subtypes of schizophreniaVII. Chronic and Acute schizophreniaa. (Chronic/process) b. (Acute/reactive)VIII. Personality Disorders (SEPARATE FROM MOOD DISORDERS)a. CharacterizedIX. Cluster A (related to schizophrenia)a. Paranoid personality disorderb. Schizoid personality disorderc. Schizotypal personality disorderX. Cluster Ba. Antisocial personality disorderb. Borderline personality disorderc. Histrionic personality disorder d. Narcissistic personality disorderXI. Cluster Ca. Avoidant personality disorderb. Dependent personality disorderc. Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (not OCD)XII. Antisocial personality disorderXIII. DSM-5 alternative model:a. Personality disorder types b. Pathological personality traits XIV. Autism spectrum disordera. Characterized XV. Attention deficit hyperactivity disordera. Characterized Current LectureChapter 14 cont. then Chapter 13IV. Dissociative disordersa. Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts and feelingsb. Using from a traumatic eventi. Symptoms: 1. Having a sense of being unreal2. Being separated from the body3. Watching yourself as if in a movie c. When detachment is long and severe, it becomes a dissociative disorderV. Dissociative Identity Disordera. A disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly called multiple personality disorderi. The personalities are known as altersii. Each have their own agendaiii. Alters can be male or femaleb. Mainly in femalesc. Blackouts may occur VI. DID criticsa. Episodes/diagnosis have increased since the late 20th century b. Arguments:i. Role-playing by people open to a therapist’s suggestionii. Learned response that reinforces reductions in anxiety Chapter 13 Mood disordersXVI. Major depressive disorderXVII. Bipolar disordera. Characterized by emotional means b. Must interfere with normal functioning XVIII. Major depressive disorder a. Depression is the “common cold’ of psychological disordersb. In a year, 5.8% of men and 9.5% of women report depression worldwide c. Lasting two or more weeks with no concrete cause d. Loss of interest e. To be diagnosed you must be have loss of interest in four or more symptoms f. Signs:i. Lethargy and fatigueii. Feelings of worthlessnessiii. Loss of interest in family and friendsiv. Loss of interest in activities XIX. Bipolar disordera. Formerly called manic-depressive disorderb. An alteration between depression and mania signals bipolar disorderc. Depressive symptoms:i. Gloomy, withdrawn, inability to make decisions, tired, and slowness of thoughtd. Manic symptoms:i. Elation, euphoria, desire for action, hyperactive, multiple idease. Bipolar one or Bipolar two i. 1) Impulsive and risk taking behaviors ii. 2) Elevated level with depressive symptoms, but not full blown manic symptomsXX. Schizophrenia a. The literal translation is “split mind” which refers to a split from realityb. A group of severe disorders characterized by the followingi. Disorganized and delusional thinkingii. Disturbed perceptionsiii. Inappropriate emotions and actionsc. Must be present for 6 monthsd. Symptoms:i. Positive symptoms: the presence of inappropriate behaviors (hallucinations, disorganized or delusional talking)1. May perceive things that are not