Psych 100 1st Edition Lecture 22 Outline of Last Lecture I. Personality:An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and actingII. Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) III. MethodIV. Model of mindV. Personality structure a. Preconscious: things we are not yet aware of yet, but are able to tap intoVI. ID, Ego, Superegoa. IDb. Egoc. SuperegoVII. Personality developmentVIII. Psychosexual stagesa. Oral (0-18)b. Anal (18-36)c. Phallic (3-6)d. Latency (6-puberty)e. Genital (puberty-on)IX. Oedipus complexX. Electra complexXI. IdentificationXII. Defense Mechanismsa. 1. Repressionb. 2. Regressionc. 3. Reaction Formationd. 4. Projectione. 5. Rationalizationf. 6. DisplacementXIII. The Neo-Freudiansa. Alfred Adlerb. Karen Horneyc. Carl JungXIV. Thematic apperception test (TAT)a. Henry MurrayXV. Rorschach Inkblot test a. Hermann RorschachXVI. Projective tests: criticismsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XVII. Evaluating the psychoanalytic perspective I. The Humanistic Perspective II. Self-Actualizing Person (Maslow)III. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (top to bottom)a. Self-actualizationb. Esteemc. Love/belongingd. Safetye. Physiological IV. Carl Roger’s person-centered perspectiveV. Evaluating the Humanistic Perspective Outline of Current Lecture I. Contemporary research on personalitya. The trait perspectivei. Personality: An individual’s unique constellation of durable dispositions and consistent ways of behaving (traits)1. Honest2. Dependable3. Moody4. Impulsiveb. The social-cognitive perspectivec. Exploring the selfII. Exploring traitsIII. Minnesota multiphasic personality inventoryIV. The big five factors (view chart)a. Conscientiousnessb. Agreeablenessc. Neuroticismd. Opennesse. ExtraversionV. The person-situation controversya. Trait: relatively permanent personality characteristicb. State: temporary change in one’s personalityVI. Social-cognitive perspectivea. Reciprocal determinism (Albert Bandura)VII. Personal controli. External locus of control ii. Internal locus of controlb. Learned helplessness: the passive resignation an organism learns when unable toavoid repeated aversive eventsVIII. Evaluating social-cognitive perspectivea. Strengthsb. WeaknessIX. Exploring the selfa. Self: the organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actionsChapter 14 Psychological DisordersI. Perspectives on psychological disordersa. William James (1842-1910)II. Defining psychological disordersIII. Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctionalIV. Understanding psychological disordersa. Trephination: drilling holes in skull to remove evil forcesb. Exorcismc. Caged like animalsd. Beatene. Burnedf. Castratedg. MutilatedV. The medical modela. Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)i. Etiology (cause and development of disorder)ii. Diagnosisiii. Treatmentiv. Prognosis (providing some type of future)VI. Classifying psychological disordersVII. The Diagnostic and statistical manualVIII. Goals of DSMIX. Experiencing psychology: Understanding normal and abnormal behaviorX. Labeling psychological disordersa. treat people who have disorders and have committed crimesXI. Anxiety disordersa. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)b. Panic disorderc. Phobiasd. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) e. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)f. Explaining anxiety disordersXII. Generalized anxiety disordera. SymptomsXIII. Panic disordera. SymptomsXIV. Phobiasa. Types:i. Agoraphobiaii. Acrophobiaiii. Claustrophobiaiv. HomophobiaXV. OCD (chart)XVI. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)i. Haunting memoriesii. Constantly on guardiii. Nightmaresiv. Social withdrawalv. Jumpy vi. Sleep problems XVII. Resilience to PTSDXVIII. Explaining anxiety disordersXIX. The learning perspectiveXX. The biological perspectiveCurrent LectureChapter 12/14X. Contemporary research on personalitya. The trait perspectivei. Personality: An individual’s unique constellation of durable dispositions and consistent ways of behaving (traits)1. Honest2. Dependable3. Moody4. Impulsiveb. The social-cognitive perspectivec. Exploring the selfXI. Exploring traitsa. Each personality is uniquely made up of multiple traitsb. Allport and Odbert (1936), identified almost 18,000 words representing traitsXII. Minnesota multiphasic personality inventorya. Most widely research and used personality testb. Looking for disorders (mood)i. Questionnaireii. Empirically derived testc. Unlike projective tests, these tests are scored objectivelyi. A computer can score themii. Tests often include a “lie scale”XIII. The big five factors (view chart)a. Conscientiousnessb. Agreeablenessc. Neuroticismd. Opennesse. Extraversioni. All pretty stable once in adulthood, but change before then ii. See these across cultures XIV. The person-situation controversya. Does behavior change depending on where we are and who we are with?i. Trait vs. stateb. Trait: relatively permanent personality characteristici. Traits that persist over time and across situationsc. State: temporary change in one’s personalityXV. Social-cognitive perspectivea. Reciprocal determinism (Albert Bandura)i. Personality is the result of an interaction that takes place between a person and their social context b. The best predictor of future behavior is past behavior (when in the same situation)c. If you cant check past behavior, the next-best thing is to stimulate a task and observe behaviord. Therefore, we can predict behavior by observing behavior in realistic situations (or with realistic tasks) XVI. Personal controla. Social-cognitive psychologist emphasize our sense of personal control,Whether we control the environment or the environment controls usi. External locus of control refers to the perception that chance our outside forces beyond our person control determine our fateii. Internal locus of control refers to the perception that we can control our own fateb. Learned helplessness: the passive resignation an organism learns when unable toavoid repeated aversive eventsi. Uncontrollable bad eventsii. Perceived lack of controliii. Generalized helpless behaviorXVII. Evaluating social-cognitive perspectivea. Strengthsi. Empirically (scientifically) based1. Focus on learning and cognitionb. Weaknessi. Focuses too much on the situation1. Not enough emphasis on inner traitsXVIII. Exploring the selfa. Self: the organizer of our thoughts, feelings and actionsi. The center of personality (in