Psych 100 1st Edition Lecture 21 Outline of Last Lecture NONE.Outline of Current Lecture I. Personality:An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and actingII. Psychoanalytic (Sigmund Freud) III. MethodIV. Model of mindV. Personality structure a. Preconscious: things we are not yet aware of yet, but are able to tap intoVI. ID, Ego, Superegoa. IDb. Egoc. SuperegoVII. Personality developmentVIII. Psychosexual stagesa. Oral (0-18)b. Anal (18-36)c. Phallic (3-6)d. Latency (6-puberty)e. Genital (puberty-on)IX. Oedipus complexX. Electra complexXI. IdentificationXII. Defense Mechanismsa. 1. Repressionb. 2. Regressionc. 3. Reaction Formationd. 4. Projectione. 5. Rationalizationf. 6. DisplacementXIII. The Neo-Freudiansa. Alfred Adlerb. Karen Horneyc. Carl JungXIV. Thematic apperception test (TAT)a. Henry MurrayThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XV. Rorschach Inkblot test a. Hermann RorschachXVI. Projective tests: criticismsXVII. Evaluating the psychoanalytic perspective I. The Humanistic Perspective II. Self-Actualizing Person (Maslow)III. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (top to bottom)a. Self-actualizationb. Esteemc. Love/belongingd. Safetye. Physiological IV. Carl Roger’s person-centered perspectiveV. Evaluating the Humanistic PerspectiveCurrent LectureChapter 12II. Personality: An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting III. Psychoanalytic Perspective (Sigmund Freud)a. Nervous disorders causing numbnessb. Developed personality theory i. Being able to tap into unconsciousii. Psychosexual stagesiii. Defense mechanismsc. Exploring the unconsciousi. Free association: what ever comes to mind ii. Buried in unconsciousd. Also used Dream Analysisi. Another method to analyze the unconscious mind is through interpreting manifest (what the dream was) and latent (the meaning/symbol) contentsof dreams IV. Method: psychoanalysis (behavior/actions that have an underlying meaning to your unconscious)a. The process of free association b. The retrieved and released memoriesc. Once released, the patient feels better V. Model of minda. The mind is like an iceberg. It is mostly hidden, and below the surface lies the unconscious mind. The preconscious stores temporary memoriesVI. Personality structurea. Personality develops as a result of our efforts to resolve conflicts between our biological impulses (id) and social restraints (superego)i. Preconscious: things we are not yet aware of yet, but are able to tap intoVII. ID, Ego, and Superegoa. Id: unconsciously strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives, operating on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratificationb. Ego: functions as the “executive” and mediates the demands of the id and superego (trying to interpret reality)c. Superego: provides standards for judgment (the conscience) and for future aspirationsVIII. Personality developmenta. Freud believed that personality formed during the first few years of life divided into psychosexual stagesi. Any unresolved conflict during stages may result in change of behaviorb. During these stages the id’s pleasure-seeking energies focus on pleasure sensitivebody areas called erogenous zonesIX. Psychosexual stagesa. Freud divided the development of personality into five psychosexual stages i. Oral (0-18)1. Stuck in this stage:a. Oral regressive: Eating disorders, nail biting, passive person, needy, problems with drinking, sensitive to rejectionb. Oral aggressive: hostile, verbally aggressiveii. Anal (18-36)1. Stuck in this stage:a. Anal retentive: perfectionist, order, tidiness, stubborn, over-baring, controllingb. Anal expulsive: lack self-control, generally messy, carelessiii. Phallic (3-6) or genitalia 1. Where super-ego is developediv. Latency (6-puberty)1. Sexual feelings have gone dormant v. Genital (puberty-on) 1. Maturation of sexual interests X. Oedipus Complexa. A boy’s sexual desire for his mother, and feelings of jealous and hatred for the rival father (or known as Identification) XI. Electra Complex (Oedipus Complex reversed) a. A girl’s desire for her father XII. Identificationa. Repress threatening feelingsb. Identify with the rival parent XIII. Defense Mechanisms (reducing anxiety) a. 1. Repression banishes anxiety-arousing thought, feelings, and memories from consciousnessi. Ex: when you can’t remember your dream from the night before b. 2. Regression leads an individual faced with anxiety to retreat to a more infantile psychosexual stage i. Ex: homesickness c. 3. Reaction Formation causes the ego to unconsciously switch unacceptable impulses into their opposites. People may express feelings of purity when they may be suffering anxiety from unconscious feelings about sexd. 4. Projection leads people to disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to other e. 5. Rationalization offers self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening, unconscious reasons for one’s actionsf. 6. Displacement shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable orless threatening object or person, redirecting anger toward a safer outlet XIV. The Neo-Freudians:a. 1. (Alfred Adler)i. Focused on the unconscious mindii. Social tensions1. Anything that child struggled with were social and not sexual iii. Inferiority complex1. Any feelings of inferiority were dragged on when you get olderb. 2. (Karen Horney)i. Believed in the social aspects of childhood growth and developmentii. Countered Freud’s assumption that woman have weak superegos and suffer from “penis envy”c. 3. (Carl Jung)i. Collective unconscious XV. Thematic apperception test (TAT)a. Henry Murrayb. Trying to get at inner feelings and interests c. A projective testXVI. Rorschach Inkblot test a. Hermann Rorschachb. It seeks to identify peoples inner feelings by analyzing their interpretations of theblotsXVII. Projective tests: criticismsa. Problems with reliability and validityXVIII. Evaluating the psychoanalytic perspective a. 1. Personality develops throughout life and is not fixed in childhoodb. 2. Freud underemphasized peer influence on the individual, which may be as powerful as parental influencec. 3. Gender identity may develop before 5-6 years of aged. 4. There may be other reasons for dreams besides wish fulfillmente. 5. Verbal slips can be explained on the basis of cognitive