Psych 100 1st Edition Lecture 10Outline of Last Lecture I. ConsciousnessII. Elements of consciousnessIII. Degree of unconsciousnessa. Alertb. Self-awarenessc. Unconscious d. DMNIV. Brain a. Parts correlating to consciousnessb. Circadian rhythmsOutline of Current Lecture I. Sleepa. Stage 1b. Stage 2c. Stage 3d. Stage 4II. Rem a. Rapid eye movementIII. Dreamsa. Memory theoryb. Threat stimulation theoryc.Activation theory IV. Sleep disorders a. Insomnia b. Narcolepsyc. Sleep apnead. Restless leg syndromee. Sleep walkingf. Night terrorsV. Brain damagea. Coma (deep sleep)b. Brain deathc. Near-death experienceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.d. Seizures VI. Dependence and Addictiona. Toleranceb. Withdrawal c. Two components:i. Physical dependence ii. Psychological dependence VII. Addictionsa. Definition: compulsive drug cravings and useb. Myths about addictionVIII. Psychoactive drugs a. Definition: chemicals that change perception and moodIX. Depressantsa. Barbituratesb. Alcoholc. OpiatesX. Stimulantsa. Definition: drugs that excite neural activity and speed up bodily functionsXI. Influences of drug usea. Biopsychosocial influencesXII. Other forms of consciousness a. Meditationb. HypnosisCurrent LectureI. Sleepa. Awake and relaxed stagei. Alpha waves- slower 9-12 cycles per sec1. Beta waves – rapid, 15-30 cycles per sec.b. Stage 1i. Theta waves1. Slower than alpha and beta 2. Heart rate decreases3. Breathing decreases 4. Beginning stage of sleep relaxation5. Typically last 1-7 minutes6. Not aware of this stage in the early age of itc. Stage 2i. Theta waves and sleep spindles1. Asleep, but somewhat monitoring still2. Not easily awaken3. Helps with processing motor info.d. Stage 3i. Theta and delta waves1. 1-4 cycles per sec.e. Stage 4i. Delta waves consistentii. Deep sleepiii. Everything is relaxed and slowediv. Being awoken causes disorientation or confusionII. Rem Sleepa. Rapid eye movementb. 90-100 min. after falling sleepc. Floats back up stages to get into Rem d. EEG looks similar to someone awakee. Breathing, blood flow, etc. increasesf. Muscles are essentially paralyzed g. Not sleep walking, but most likely to dream i. Muscles are paralyzed so you do not injure yourself during dreams, etc.III. Dreamsa. Story-like dreams most likely occur in Rem sleepb. Sigmund Froydi. Thought dreams were symbols, and relate to our everyday livesc. Manifest: what we remember from our dreamsd. Problem solving viewi. Dreams are a way of dealing with our everyday livese. Memory theoryi. Dreams are a way to consolidate our memoriesf. Threat simulation theoryi. Dreams came about so we can experience threating situation without facing them in real lifeg. Activation theoryi. Brains are active, and we try to explain the random activity, ending up with dreams IV. Sleep Disordersa. 25-40% of adolescentsb. Insomnia i. Ability to stay asleep and ii. Lead to depression, anxiety, etc.iii. Can be medically treated iv. Cognitive behavioral therapy v. Can be treated by natural wayc. Narcolepsy: When a person falls asleep during random parts of dayi. Due to loss of neurons in thalamusii. Not getting as much rem sleep as other peopled. Sleep apnea: When you stop breathing while you are sleepingi. Somewhere between 4-20% experience thisii. If you consume large amounts of alcohol or overweight you are more likely to have thisiii. More common in middle-aged meniv. May be genetice. Restless legs syndrome: restless feeling in legsi. Occurs during nightii. More common in women, than menf. Sleep walking: (OCCURS DURING NON-REM SLEEP) when you get up and walk around while asleep i. Includes walking, eating, or engaging in small conversation g. Night terrors: when people rapidly wake up and sit up and screami. Occurs in non rem sleepii. Can last from 9-20 mins.iii. Children and old adultsiv. Different from nightmares (scary dreams during rem sleep)v. Sudden death syndrome: infants die in their sleep (maybe by sleep apnea)V. Brain Damagea. Coma (deep sleep)i. Cannot be awakenii. Cannot moveiii. Can last from a few days to several weeks1. If not awoken after several weeks you move to a persistent vegetative stateiv. Persistent vegetative state1. Not conscious, and cannot respond to environment2. Most physicians do not think recovery is possibleb. Brain deathi. Lack of blood circulation to the brainii. Complete and irreversibleiii. Indication by two flat lines by EKG 1. Don’t respond to external stimuli 2. Different from near death c. Near- death experiencei. May occur with some kind of experience with your heartii. Some people report seeing deceased relatives, or floating over themselves, etc.iii. Can be replicated with drugs d. Seizuresi. Uncontrollable electrical problems in the brainii. MAY occur due to brain damage, but do not have toiii. Partial seizures- originate in particular spot in brainiv. General seizures- not light accompanied by them and no particular spot inbrainv. Review tonic and absent in bookVI. Dependence and addictiona. Tolerancei. When a person is having to take more and more a substance to feel effectsb. Withdrawali. When you stop with drugs ii. Negative symptomsiii. Drug/effects are opposite of each other iv. Withdrawal from alcohol may cause seizuresv. Cocaine does not have withdrawal effectsc. Two components of addictioni. Physical dependence1. When you don’t have the drug your body is in painii. Psychological dependence1. Your body doesn’t need the drug you just think you doVII. Addiction: compulsive drug craving and usea. Myths about addictioni. Can occur quickly ii. Addictions cannot be overcome voluntarilyiii. May repetitive, pleasure-seeking behaviors labeled addictiveVIII. Psychoactive drugs: chemicals that change perceptions and moodsa. Trigger negative after effectsb. 3 categories:i. Depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogensIX. Depressants: drugs that calm neural activity and slow body functionsa. Barbituratesb. Alcoholc. Opiatesi. Alcohol1. Can cause impairments2. Problems in brain3. Disinhibiting 4. Can inhibit sexual preformation5. Earliest psycho active drug humans used6. Dilates blood vessels7. Reduces anxiety8. At high cases you can lose consciousness9. Memory disruption10. Not likely to experience rem sleep11. Reduce self-awarenessii. Barbiturates1. Tranquilizersa. Ex: sleeping pills2. Most commonly prescribed for seizures3. Depresses the