Psych 101 1st Edition Lecture 15 ReviewOutline of Last Lecture Cognition: to thinkI. ImagesII. Concepts/categoriesIII. Types of conceptsa. Conjunctiveb. Disjunctivec. Relationald. Faultye. Prototypef. ExemplarIV. Organizing conceptsa. Superordinate b. Basicc. SubordinateV. SchemasVI. Problem-solving: AlgorithmsVII. Problem-solving: Heuristicsa. Availabilityb. Representativec. Recognitiond. EffectVIII. Barriers to problem solvinga. Function fixednessb. Framingc. Mental setIX. CreativityX. LanguageXI. The evolution of languageXII. Building blocks of languagea. Phonemesb. Morphemesc. Syntaxd. Semanticse. Surface and deep structuresXIII. Language: AphasiaThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.XIV. The biology of languagea. Broca’sb. Wernicke’sXV. Animal communicationXVI. Learning language (how we learn language)a. Behaviorist approachb. Nativist approach XVII. Development XVIII. History of assessing intelligencea. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simoni. Intelligence testb. Stanford-Bineti. Standardized intelligence testc. Wechsler intelligence scalesi. The curveCurrent Lecture REVIEW Ch.6 sleep and drugsI. What is consciousnessa. Alertnessb. SleepII. Circadian rhythmsIII. Sleep*****a. REM sleep b. REM reboundc. Etc. d. No sleep wave patternse. Comparing stages of sleepf. What they would look likeIV. Sleep disordersa. The different states of the brain consciousnessb. Brain dead vs. brain deadc. NOT seizuresd. Comae. Different typesf. NOT restless leg syndrome V. Dependencea. Different kindsb. Depressantsc. NOT tolerance/withdrawalVI. Psychoactive drugsa. What it isb. The three categories: depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogensVII. Depressants (classes)a. Barbituratesb. Alcoholc. OpiatesVIII. Alcohol/opiates/barbituratesa. What it does as a depressant IX. Stimulantsa. All examples b. Not cocainec. Not LSDX. Chart on effects and risks of psychoactive drugsa. Highest risk for overdose potentialXI. Mediation and Hypnosisa. Not everyone can be hypnotized Ch. 8 Learning/classical/operant/reinforcers/observational is separate/punishmentI. Associative learninga. Classical conditioning***********i. All stimuli ii. All responseiii. Recoveryiv. Discriminationv. Everything*vi. Pavlovvii. Skinnerviii. Bandura b. Operant conditioningII. Observational learningIII. What is learningIV. Pavlov’s experimentsa. Dog salivating (acquisition)V. Conditioning processes* VI. Acquisitiona. Extinction (Conditioned stimulus now alone)VII. Spontaneous recoverya. Dog salivating againb. Does not always happen, but canVIII. Stimulus generalizationIX. DiscriminationX. Skinnera. Operant conditioningi. How it worksb. Skinner boxXI. Reinforcementa. Variesb. Increases behavior*c. Positive/negativei. Adding/taking away to increase behaviord. Primary vs. conditioned reinforcersi. Primary/secondarye. Schedulesf. Partial i. 4 different types**: fixed, variable, etc.g. ContinuousXII. Punishmenta. Decreases behavior*b. Positive/negativec. Drawbacks*XIII. Shaping behaviorXIV. Modeling: Bobo doll a. Albert Bandura’s experimentCh.7 emotions/theoriesI. Different theories of emotionsa. Who did whatb. Commonalities c. ChartII. High road/low roadIII. 6 different emotions Ch.9 memory/encoding/storage/retrievalI. Retrieval II. StorageIII. Encodinga. Two waysb. Mechanisms you can usei. Rehearsalii. What it is/requiresIV. Word list exercisesa. Easier to remember beginning and endV. Limited amount of words we use to store at one time a. Different theoriesVI. Encodings in different waysa. Organizingi. Chunking1. Acronyms b. Visualc. HierarchyVII. Difference between types of memorya. Sensory, long-term, etc.VIII. Retrieval to get info. back outa. Cuesb. Recallc. RecognitionIX. Eyewitness testimoniesa. Who does itb. Not always accurateX. Forgettinga. Chart**XI. Proactive vs. retroactive active interferenceXII. Improving your memorya. Distributing practiceb. Depends on sleep (8-9 hours)c. Reciting d. Take testse. Mnemonics f. Repetition is the mother of all learning**Ch.10 ImagesI. Storing things based on imagesII. Different conceptsIII. What is a schemaIV. Heuristicsa. 4 typesV. Barriers to problem solvinga. Not mental setsb. Framingc. Functional fixednessd. Both related*VI. What is languagea. Why its importantb. Originated from Africac. Gened. Some are endangered i. Why?VII. Building blocks of languagea. Top down to bottomb. Smallest to largestc. How they buildd. Definitions of Phonemes and Morphemesi. How and if they impact the meaning of wordsVIII. Aphasia a. Two areas, but not just those two areasb. Difference between Brocas and Wernicke’sIX. Animal communicationsa. Interested in if they can communicate with us b. Primates are most commonX. Behaviorist approach vs. Nativist a. Through development of children (innate)b. But we do reinforce things (behavior)XI. Intelligencea. What it isb. Alfred Binet and Theodore Simoni. IQ, number c. Stanford Bineti. Standardized testd. Wechsler Intelligence Sclaesi. Child OR adult********e. Now a days we have norms (average)i. Distribution curve and where we fall on curveXII. Reliability vs. Validity*****XIII. Nature of Intelligencea. Chart*****b. Crystallized vs. fluidc. NOT middle block in chart d. Generalized