Outline of Last LectureOutline of Current LectureCurrent LectureLecture 21Outline of Last Lecture I. Social Psychologya. Person Perceptionb. Attributionc. Self As a Social Objectd. Attitudese. Persuasionf. AlturismOutline of Current Lecture I. Evolutionary ApproachII. Psychological Disordersa. Abnormal behaviorIII. Theoretical Approachesa. Biological Approachb. Psychological Approachc. Sociocutural Approachd. Biopsychological Approache. Behavioral Approachf. Cognitive ApproachIV. Classification Systemsa. Anxiety DisordersCurrent Lecture I. Evolutionary Approach to Attractiona. Gender differences in attraction variables based on different roles in procreationb. Males focus on quantity of sexual partnersc. Females focus on quality and resourcesd. It is possible to change attachment stylee. Criticismi. Human have decision making ability to change their gender behavior PSY 120 1st Editionf. Secure Stylei. Positive views of relationships easy to get close to others and not concerned about relationshipsg. Avoidant Stylei. Hesitant about getting involve in romantic relationshipsii. Once in a relationship tend to distance themselves from their partnerh. Anxious stylei. Demand closeness less trusting more emotional jealous and possessivei. Sternberg’s Triangular theory of lovei. Psychologist Sternberg suggests that love consists of there parts1. Commitment2. Intimacy 3. Passiona. Liking- only intimacyb. Infatuation- only passionc. Empty love- only commitmentd. Romantic love- intimacy and passione. Compassionate love- intimacy and commitmentf. Fatuous love- passion and commitmentg. Consummate love- intimacy passion and commitmentj. Genderi. Men conceptualize love in terms of passionii. Women in terms of friendshipk. Social exchange theoryi. Focus on minimizing costs and maximizing benefitsii. Equity as most important predictor of success especially early in relationshipsl. Investment modeli. Focus on underlying factors of relationshipsii. Examines commitment investment and availability of attractive alternative partnersII. Psychological Disordersa. Abnormal behaviori. Mental illness that affects or is manifested in the brain and can affect thinking behavior and interaction with othersii. Deviant- atypical and culturally unacceptableiii. Maladaptive- interferes with effective functioningiv. Personally distressfulv. Three criteria- distress, dysfunction and deviance seem to govern decisions about abnormalityIII. Theoretical Approachesa. Biological approachi. Attributes psychological disorders to organic internal causesb. Psychological Approachi. Emphasizes contributions of experiences thoughts emotions and personalityii. Behavior due to underlying cuasesiii. Stems from childhood conflicts over opposing wishes regarding sex and aggressionc. Sociocultural Approachi. Emphasizes social context in which person livesii. Stresses cultural influences on understanding and treatment of psychological disordersd. Biopsychosocial approachi. Unique combination of biological psychological and sociocultural factorse. Behavioral approachi. All behavior is merely a response to various stimuli and these response have been learned through past experiencef. Cognitive approachi. Behavior is a result of factors that are within an individual’s controlii. Peoples cognition their thoughts and beliefs are a central component of abnormal behaviorIV. Classification systemsi. Common basis for communicatingii. Can help make predictionsiii. May benefit person suffering from symptomsiv. May also create stigmav. DSM-V (2013)1. Classification of psychological disorders in US2. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders published by american psychiatric association3. Treatment of psychological disorders as medical illnesses 4. Takes a biological view of disorders that have roots in social experiences5. Does not equally emphasize strengths and weaknesses that mighthelp to destigmatize psychological disorders6. Critiquesa. Relies too much on social norms and subjective judgmentsb. Many new categories of disorders added that do not have consistent research supportc. Standards of some existing diagnoses have been looseneda. Anxiety Disordersvi. Anxiety is the state of tension and apprehension that one naturally feels in threatening situationsvii. Involve fears that are1. Uncontrollable2. Disproportionate to actual danger3. Disruptive of ordinary lifeviii. Feature1. Motor tension2. Hyperactivityix. Causes1. Psychoanalytica. Form of neuroses that occus when unacceptable imulses threaten to overwhelm the egos defenses and expode intoconsciousnessb. Behavioral i. Created through learned classical conditioning observational learning or operant conditioning2. Cognitivea. Problem of maladaptive though patterns and beliefs3. Biologicala. Created through geneticsx. Anxiety consists of subjective emotional cognitive psychological and behavioral components1. Emotional symptomsa. Feelings of tensionb. Apprehension2. Cognitive symptomsa. Worry b. Thoughts about inability to cope3. Physicala. Increased heart rateb. Muscle tensionxi. Generalized 1. Persistent anxiety for at least 6 months2. Unable to specify reasons for the anxiety3. Etiology (cause)a. Biological factorsb. Psychological and sociocultural factorsxii. Panic disorder1. Recurrent sudden onsets of intense apprehension or terror 2. Often occur without warning and no specific cause3. Etiologya. Biological factorsb. Psychological factorsc. Sociocultural factorsxiii. Specific disorder 1. Phobic disorder2. Irrational overwhelming persistant fear of a particular object or situationxiv. social anxiety disorder1. Intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in social situationsxv. Phobias1. Specific triggers such as spiders dogs airplanes elevators or germsxvi. Obsessive compulsive disorder1. Obsessionsa. Recurrent anxiety provoking thoughts2. Compulsionsa. Repetitive ritualistic behaviorsb. Excessive checking cleansing and counting3. Etiologya. Biological factorsb. Psychological factors4. OCD related ordersa. Hoarding disordersb. Excoriationc. Trichotillomaniad. Body dysmorphic disorderxvii. Post Traumatic stress disorder1. Develops through exposure to traumatic even that overwhelms abilities to copea. Flashbacks b. Avoiding emotional experiencesc. Reduced ability to feel emotionsd. Excessive arousale. Difficulties with memory and concentrationf. Feelings of apprehensiong. Impulsive behaviorh. Can follow trauma immediately or be delayedi. Combat and war
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