Outline of Current LectureCurrent LecturePSY 1200 1st Edition Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture I. Personality Disordersa. Antisocial Personality disordersb. Borderline Personality Disordersc. Somatoform Disorderd. Combating StigmaII. Therapy and Treatmenta. Biological Therapiesb. Psychodynamic therapiesc. Humanistic Therapiesd. Behavioral TherapiesOutline of Current Lecture I. Cognitive Therapiesa. Cognitive Restructuringb. Cognitive therapies1. Rational-emotive behavior therapy2. Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy3. Difference between Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Becks Cognitive Therapy4. Cognitive Behavior TherapyII. Therapy Review and Integrationa. Psychodynamicb. Humanisticc. Behaviord. Cognitivee. Therapy IntegrationsIII. Sociocultural Approaches and Issues1. Group Therapy2. Family and Couple Therapy3. Self Help support groupsIV. Cultural Perspectivesa. Collectivist Cultureb. Ethnicity c. GenderV. Effectiveness of PsychotherapyCurrent Lecture I. Cognitive TherapiesEmphasize thoughts as main source of psychological problemsAttempt to change the feelings and behaviors by changing cognitionsa. Cognitive restructuringi. Changing pattern of thought presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotionb. Cognitive therapiesi. Rational-emotive behavior therapy1. Albert Ellis2. Emotional reactions to life’s events as product of irrational beliefs and expectations3. Central false belief that feelings cannot be controlled4. Demands (musterbating) create dysfunctional exaggerated beliefs5. Goal of elimination self-determining beliefs rationally examining themii. Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy1. Problems such as depression are a result of illogical thoughts about self, world, and future2. Emotions are product of cognitions3. Goal of bringing autonomic thoughts to awareness so they can be changed4. Challenging accuracy of automatic thoughtsa. Logical errors -> erroneous beliefsi. When you feel worthless even after people tell youyou’re great or you do awesome thingsii. You feel like an idiot because you did bad on an exam even though you do well on every other examiii. Difference between Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy and Becks Cognitive Therapy1. Rational emotive behavior therapy is directive persuasive confrontational2. Becks cognitive therapy is a more open ended dialogue with therapistiv. Cognitive Behavior Therapy1. Combination of:a. Cognitive therapy -> reducing self-defeating thoughtsb. Behavior therapy -> changing behavior2. Self-efficacya. Mastering situation and producing positive outcomes3. Self-instructional methodsa. Teaching to modify own behaviorb. Using reinforcement self-statements to take positive steps4. Use of Cognitive Therapya. Anxiety disordersi. Panic disorderii. PTSDiii. Generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, OCDb. Mood disordersi. Depressionc. Schizophreniad. Personality Disorderi. Changing individual’s core beliefs and getting rid of negative thoughtsII. Therapy Review and Integrationa. Psychodynamici. Discover underlying unconscious conflicts and work with client to develp insightb. Humanistici. Develop awareness of inherent potential for growthc. Behaviori. Learn maladaptive behavior patterns through changes in environment or cognitive processesd. Cognitivei. Change feelings and behaviors by changing cognitionse. Therapy Integrationsi. Integrative therapy1. Combination of techniques from different therapies based on therapist’s judgementii. Dialectical behaviora therapy1. Used for borderline personality disorder2. Includes variety of techniquesiii. Also treated with psychotherapy and drug therapyiv. Conceptually compatible with biopsychosocial modelIII. Sociocultural Approaches and IssuesIndividual as part of social system of relationships influenced by environmental or cultural factorsTherapies usually include groups of 6 to8 clients with a single therapist within a group clients can experience support acceptance and a sense of belonging 1. Group therapy a. Individuals sharing psychological disorder brought together in sessionsb. Relationship as key to successful therapyc. Features include information, universality, altruism, experiencing a positive family group, development of social skills, interpersonal learning.2. Family and Couple therapya. Family Therapyi. Croup therapy among family membersb. Couples therapyi. Group therapy with married or unmarried couples with relationship problemsii. Conflict frequently involves poor communication1. Attempt to improve communication2. Focus on roles partners play3. Addresses diverse problemsc. Symptoms as function of relationshipsd. Validationi. Understanding and acceptance of each family member’s feelings and beliefse. Reframingi. Problems as family (not individual’s) problemsf. Structural changei. Restructuring coalitions in familyg. Detriangulationi. Disentangle situations where scapegoating occurs3. Self Help support groupsa. Voluntary organizations of individuals who get together to discuss topicsi. Conducted by paraprofessionalsb. Sympathetic audience for confession sharing and emotional releasec. Social support role modeling and sharing of concrete problem solving strategies d. Alcoholics anonymous (AA)e. Reduce stress and promote adjustmentf. Movement born in the 60’si. Individuals with disorders ought to remain in societyii. Deinstitutionalizationiii. Success depends on resources and commitment of communityg. Training those who directly interact with community members to offer servicesh. Explicit goal of helping people who are disenfranchised from societyIV. Cultural Perspectivesa. Collectivistic culturesi. More importance on group rather than individualii. Individual psychotherapies may not be as effectiveb. Ethnicityi. Ethnic match between therapist and clientii. Cultural sensitivity and skillc. Gender i. Changing roles affect therapy goalsV. Effectiveness of Psychotherapya. Research -> Psychotherapy worksb. Meta-analysisi. Statistical combination of results of different studiesc. No therapy is significantly better than the otherd. Evidence-based practicee. Therapy benefits during first six monthsf. Health and Wellness benefitsi. Positive effect of therapy on:1. Ability to cope with disease such as cancer2. Physical health as a result of relieving psychological disorders suchas depression3. Health behavior and physical illnessii. May also recent psychological and physical problemsiii. May enhance positive psychological well beingg. Common Themesi.
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