Exam 5 Study Guide Elementary Psychology 12000-003 Ch. 13: Personality • Define personality. • Describe Freud's view of personality structure, and discuss the interactions of the id, ego, and superego. Know his iceberg analogy. • Identify Freud's psychosexual stages of development, and describe the effects of fixation in each stage on behavior. • Describe the function of defense mechanisms, and identify six of them. • Know the neo-Freudians and how their theories are different from Freud's original theory. • Describe two projective tests used to assess personality, and discuss some criticisms of them. • Summarize Abraham Maslow's concept of self-actualization, and explain how his ideas illustrate the humanistic perspective. • Discuss Carl Rogers’ person-centered perspective, and explain the importance of unconditional positive regard. • Explain how psychologists use personality inventories to assess traits, and discuss the most widely used personality inventory. • Identify the Big Five personality factors. • Discuss the effects of a perception of internal or external control, and describe the concept of learned helplessness. • Describe the Person-Situation controversy. • Summarize the Social Cognitive approach to Personality. Ch. 14: Psychological Disorders • Identify the criteria for judging whether behavior is psychologically disordered. • Describe the goals and content of the DSM-IV. • Discuss the potential dangers and benefits of using diagnostic labels. • Know the symptoms of the various personality disorders (e.g., OCD, PTSD) • Explain how a phobia differs from the fears we all experience. • Understand how biology, genetics, and cognition (i.e., thinking) influence the development and persistence of personality disorders. • Contrast the three clusters of personality disorders. • Describe the criteria (and the critiques) of Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) • Summarize the “new theory of depression” • Describe the predictors of schizophrenia (guest lecture from Dr. Eckhardt) Ch. 15: Therapy • Discuss some ways that psychotherapy, biomedical therapy, and an eclectic approach to therapy differ. • Define psychoanalysis, and discuss the aims of this form of therapy. Describe the process of psychoanalysis. • Understand similarities and differences between psychoanalysis, humanistic therapies, and behavior therapy.• Define counter-conditioning, and describe the techniques used in exposure therapies and aversive conditioning. • Contrast cognitive therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy. • Describe the three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies. • Describe both the clients and therapists perceptions of therapy. • Define psychopharmacology, and explain how double-blind studies help researchers evaluate a drug's effectiveness. • Describe the use and effects of mood-stabilizing medications, anti-anxiety drugs, anti-depressants, electroconvulsive therapy, and lobotomies. • Know the therapies that are ineffective. Ch. 16: Social Psychology • Contrast dispositional and situational attributions, and explain how the fundamental attribution error can affect our analyses of behavior. • Understand attitudes, foot-in-the-door phenomenon, role-playing, and cognitive dissonance. • Discuss Asch's experiments on conformity, and distinguish between normative and informational social influence. • Describe Milgram's experiments on obedience, and describe the conditions in which obedience was highest. How does work like this help us understand our susceptibility to social influence? • Describe the conditions in which the presence of others is likely to result in social facilitation, social loafing, deindividuation, group think, and group polarization • Identify the three components of prejudice. • Contrast overt and subtle forms of prejudice. • What is the effect of fear on affiliation? • What was the Stanford Prison Study about? • Discuss the social factors and cognitive processes help create and maintain prejudice. • Know the definition of aggression and past aggression research. • Describe the influence of proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity on interpersonal attraction. • What is the “bystander effect?” What are reasons for it? Describe the steps in the decision-making process involved in bystander
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