Outline of Last LectureOutline of Current LectureCurrent LecturePSY 1200 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. Evolutionary Approach to AttractionII. Psychological Disordersa. Abnormal behaviorIII. Theoretical Approachesa. Biological Approachb. Psychological Approachc. Sociocutural Approachd. Biopsychological Approache. Behavioral Approachf. Cognitive ApproachIV. Classification Systemsa. Anxiety DisordersOutline of Current Lecture I. Mood Disordersa. Depressive disordersII. Etiology of Depressive disordersa. Biological Factorsb. Psychological Factorsc. Sociocultural Factorsd. Psychoanalytic Factorse. Behavioral Factorsf. Family IssuesIII. Eating Disordersa. Anorexia Nervosab. Bulimia Nervosac. Binge Eating DisorderIV. Etiology Of Eating DisordersV. Dissociative Disordersa. Dissociationb. Dissociative Anmesiac. Dissociative Fugued. Dissociative Identity Disordere. Schizophreniai. Positive Symptomsii. Negative Symptomsiii. Cognitive Deficitsiv. Types of Schizophreniav. CausesCurrent Lecture I. Mood DisordersEmotion based disturbances strong enough to intrude on everyday lifeLeading cause of disability in the USa. Depressive disordersi. Depression1. Unrelenting lack of pleasure in life2. Characterized by deep unhappiness and Loss of interest in life3. Secondary symptomsa. Elevated or decreased changes in sleep and appetiteb. Loss of interest in sex c. Loss of overall energyd. Difficulties concentrating and making decisionsii. Major depressive disorder1. Significant depressive episode (five of nine symptoms) and depressed characteristics for at least two weeks2. Impaired daily functioningiii. Dysthymic disorder1. Chronic depression2. A form of depression that has less dramatic effects on personal and occupational functioning 3. Can also last for longer periods than major depression4. Fewer symptoms than major depressioniv. Cyclothymia1. Moderate mood swingsa. A mild form of depression that may include long term bouts of irritabilityb. Likened to a milder form of…v. Bipolar Disorder1. Extreme mood swings including one or more epidsodes of maniaa. Over excited unrealistically optimistic state2. Multiple cycles of depression interspersed with mania3. Etiologya. Genetic influencesb. Biological processesvi. Suicide1. Biological factorsa. Genetic factorsb. Neurotransmitter levels2. Psychological factorsa. Mental disorders and traumasb. Substance abuse3. Sociocultural factorsa. Economic hardshipb. Cultural and ethnic contextsc. Gender differenceII. Etiology of depressive disordersa. Biological factorsi. Genetic influencesii. Neurotransmitter regulationb. Psychological factorsi. Learned helplessnessii. Cognitive explanationsc. Sociocultural factorsi. Socioeconomic statusii. Gender differencesd. Psychoanalytic Factorsi. Occurs when an early traumatic loss or rejection creates vulnerability that is not properly resolvede. Behavioral Factorsi. Learned via reinforcementii. May be triggered by a loss or some other punishing eventf. Family issuesi. Caused from our surrounding culture family friends and the presence or absence of a strong social support network when dealing with negative factorsIII. Eating DisordersCharacterized by extreme disturbances to everyday lifea. Anorexia Nervosai. Relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation1. Weighing less than 85% of normal weight2. Intense fear of gaining weight3. Distorted body imageii. Physical changes serious complications and high mortality rateiii. High achieving perfectionismiv. Typically begins in teenage yearsb. Bulimia Nervosai. Binge and purge eating pattern1. Preoccupation with food2. Strong fear of becoming overweight3. Depression or anxietyii. Difficult to detect iii. Complications and dental propertiesiv. High perfectionism low self-efficacyc. Binge Eating Disorderi. Recurrent episodes of eating large amounts of food1. Lack of control over eating2. Overweight or obese3. Experience guilt and shameii. Biological factors1. Genes and dopamineiii. Psychological factor1. stressIV. Etiology of eating Disordersa. Sociocultural Factorsi. Previously believed to be central determinantsii. No longer sole focusb. Biological factorsi. Of increasing focus in researchii. Genesiii. Regulation of serotoniniv. A chemical imbalance in the hypothalamus or pituitary gland perhaps brought on by genetic factorsc. Societal Pressuresi. Societys valuation of slenderness and the parallel notion that obesity is grossV. Dissociative Disordersa. Dissociationi. Psychological states of disconnection from immediate experienceii. Involve sudden loss of memory or change of identity under extreme stress or shockb. Dissociative Amnesiai. Inability to recall important eventsii. Extreme memory loss caused by extensive psychological stressc. Dissociative Fuguei. Amnesia plus travelling away from home and assuming new identityd. Dissociative Identity disorderi. Formerly called multiple personality disorderii. Two or more distinct personalities or selves1. Each has its own memories behaviors and relationships2. One personality dominates at one time3. Wall of amnesia separates personalities4. Shift between personalities may occur during times of distress5. Exceptionally high rate of sexual or physical abuse during early childhooda. Majority are womenb. Genetic predisposition may existe. Schizophreniai. Characterized by highly disordered thought processes 1. Psychotic or far removed from realityii. Positive symptoms1. Marked by distortion or excess of normal function2. Added above and beyond normal behavioral3. Hallucinationsa. Sensory experience in absence of real stimulib. Often auditory 4. Delusionsa. False unusual or magical beliefsb. Not part of individual’s culture5. Thought disordera. Unusual sometimes bizarre thought processesb. Word saladi. Incoherent loose word associationsc. New wordsd. Referential thinkingi. Ascribing personal meaning to random events6. Disorders of movement7. Catatoniaa. State of immobility and unresponsiveness over timeiii. Negative symptoms1. Reflect social withdrawal behavior deficits and loss or decrease of normal functions2. Losing normal behavior3. Flat affecta. Display little to no emotion4. Lack ability to read emotions of otheriv. Cognitive deficits1. Difficulty sustaining attention2. Problems holding information in memory3. Inability to interpret information v. Types of Schizophrenia1. Disorganized (hebephrenic)a. Inappropriate laughter and giggling silliness and incoherent
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